Thèse de doctorat d'État--Sciences--El Jadida (Maroc)--Université Chouaïb Doukkali, 2006. / La couv. porte en plus : "travaux de géologie sédimentaire, stratigraphie et paléontologie" Bibliogr. p. 203-216. Résumé.

This thesis aims to excavate and accentuate the poetics of transgression manifested in Thomas Pynchon¡¦s The Crying of Lot 49 in the light of psychoanalytical theory. The psychoanalytical reading of this novel is indispensable since it provides an illuminating comprehension of the concept of transgression. The idea of transgression refers emphatically to the act of crossing, traversing, or violating boundaries and, more significantly, to the subversion and undermining power latent in the act of transgression. Chapter one offers a general introduction of the historical and cultural context of the novel, the theoretical framework and thesis structure. Chapter two resorts mainly to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari¡¦s understanding of the unconscious syntheses in Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia to delineate the textual structure, which refers to San Narciso. The city is simultaneously the projection of Pierce Inverarity¡¦s unconscious topography and the projection of capitalist society. The psychic and social registrations are similarly founded on the model of the unconscious syntheses, or, in Deleuze and Guattari¡¦s words, the desiring-machines, manifesting their assertion that there is no boundary between the psychic and the social and the two are both invested by the desire. The underground network of the Tristero otherwise projects an alternative force in contrast to the capitalist dictatorship of Pierce. The Tristero represents the schizophrenia that is produced yet renounced by capitalism and it also stands for the aggressive force that pushes the capitalist machine to its limits. Chapter three analyzes the relation between Oedipa Maas and the city San Narciso. Oedipa represents a bourgeoisie housewife whose ego centrism is cultivated by the narcissistic enclosure of the capitalist society in San Narciso. The permeating aura of narcissism precipitates her paranoia, depriving her of the alternative sight to see the real Tristero. Oedipa¡¦s paranoiac obsession makes her see the Tristero as a simple conspiracy, ignoring its schizophrenic nature. Opposite to such an arbitrary misconception, this thesis attempt to recover the proper character of the Tristero as a hyperreality in the light of Jean Baudrillard¡¦s notion of simulation.

A partir d’un réseau d’établissements et par une approche qualitative et quantitative : un lycée, un collège, une école primaire et deux collèges supplémentaires, l’étude s’intéresse aux transgressions scolaires au filtre du genre des élèves et des personnels éducatifs. De précédents travaux affirment que les transgressions sont différentes, ainsi que l’application du système punitif en fonction du sexe des élèves. Ce travail cherche à mettre en évidence les différents facteurs qui participent au mécanisme genré de la transgression scolaire. Il s’articule avec les constructions des identités de la transgression, les manifestations dans l’espace scolaire, les justifications que donnent les individus par rapport à une transgression et les répercussions de cette dernière. Tout permet d’alimenter ce cercle vicieux qui consacre les filles comme étant des élèves modèles, adaptées aux normes du système éducatif et les garçons, comme des individus naturellement transgressifs. Construits et consolidés au moyen des résultats et de la revue de littérature, ces facteurs laissent pressentir un modèle pouvant expliquer et justifier un mécanisme immuable, incessant, perpétuel mais surtout discriminant les élèves filles et garçons qui enfreignent lois, règles et normes dans les établissements scolaires. / Using a network of institutions and both a qualitative and quantitative approach: a high school, asecondary school, a primary school and two additional secondary schools, the study focuses on school transgression through the filter of the pupils and educational staffs’ gender. Previous works assert that these transgressions are different, and thus that the enforcement of the punishment system according to the pupils’ gender is too.Our work attempts to highlight the various factors participating in the gender-based mechanism of school transgression. It is built on the identity construction of the transgression, its manifestations in school, the justifications given by individuals regarding a transgression and the repercussions of the latter. This allows the perpetuation of a vicious circle that sees girls as model pupils, adapted to the standards of the education system, while boys are seen as being naturally transgressive individuals. Built and strengthened by results and literary reviews, these factors allow us to anticipate a model explaining and justifying an unchanging, ceaseless, and perpetual mechanism, but also a model that discriminates between girl and boy pupils who break laws, rules and standards within schools.

Forgiveness is a construct that has captured the interest of researchers and practitioners across various fields, from philosophy to biology; however, defining and measuring forgiveness has been a challenge because of its complex nature. By drawing on relationships discovered in past studies, reviewing definitions across disciplines, and noting weaknesses in current forgiveness measures, the task of developing a broadly applicable forgiveness measure with strong theoretical and psychometric roots resulted in the creation of the General Measure of Forgiveness (GMF). The GMF is a brief, Likert response questionnaire that is appropriate for both relationship and non-relationship transgressions; heretofore, there has not been an established measure for non-relationship trangressions. This study was an initial investigation into the psychometric properties of the GMF. In an online design, college participants (n=343) were administered the GMF along with an established interpersonal measure of forgiveness, the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI: Enright & Rique, 2004), and other measures of theoretically related and unrelated constructs. For the forgiveness measures, participants completed the GMF and EFI (order counterbalanced) in response to the same self-generated relationship transgression, then completed the GMF in response to a self-generated non-relationship transgression. Results supported the internal consistency of the GMF (Cronbach's alphas of .93 for both relationship and non-relationship forgiveness) and an exploratory factor analysis identified a primary factor accounting for about 30% of the total item variance. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses resulted in largely predicted relationships (e.g., r = .81 for GMFrelationship and EFI; r = .78 for GMFnon-relationship and a single-item assessment of forgiveness; r = -.26 for GMFrelationship and anger and aggression). These results are encouraging as use of the GMF could open new areas of research in non-relationship forgiveness and enhance research and application of relationship forgiveness. Specifically, the GMF holds promise for improving research by providing a brief, non-proprietary, and broadly applicable measure of forgiveness. Broadly, the study suggests that a general measure of forgiveness is feasible. / Master of Science

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Abstract By critically analysing three pieces of devised performance, Even as I Walk (2008), They Were Silent (2009) and The Wages of Sin (2009), I argue that the concept of performance is not easily defined. Rather, it is an ever-changing phenomenon, which can become a useful platform for dialoguing about deeply personal and necessarily public and political subject matter. I locate myself and the theatre makers I worked with to create the three pieces, in the work by reflecting on and writing about the processes using auto-ethnography as a lens. The context within which I write, and within which my collaborators and I work, is that of our locations in very specific African, moral, cultural, political and creative impulses which we interrogate through the creative processes. Through the writing and reflecting, I arrive at various conclusions, including what I call ‘the methodology of not knowing,’ the importance of the group in facilitating the research and creative process, the necessity of redefining or renegotiation—for the purposes of both the research and the creative goals—our understandings of what performance is.

Texte remanié de: Philosophische Fakultäten--Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 305-316. Index.

Religiosity and morality constitute the fundamental components of any culture and set up rules and regulate interpersonal behavior. In the context of religion, to understanding value transgressions, their emotional consequences and the moderating role of social threats (in-group and out-group interactions), the psychological underpinnings of value-reinforcement, and complementing role of self-affirmation at a group level represent the focal points of this dissertation. The findings of study 1 show that value transgression has a direct effect on the level of negative emotion experienced by the transgressor. The social threat that is manipulated by the presence of an out-group member during the time of transgression moderates the relationship between value transgression and level of negative emotion. Furthermore, value reinforcement (e.g, endorsing group value) can weaken the effect of threats and mitigate negative emotions. Study 1 findings show that value reinforcement's absence qualified previous proposition of value transgression and social presence interaction. In study 2, I carry on the investigation by showing that granting opportunities to affirm important group values mitigates their emotional tension. Study 2 results show that group-affirmation may work as a complementary factor that further explains the relationship between value reinforcement and emotional reaction in the event of transgressing group values.

Religiosity and morality constitute the fundamental components of any culture and set up rules and regulate interpersonal behavior. In the context of religion, to understanding value transgressions, their emotional consequences and the moderating role of social threats (in-group and out-group interactions), the psychological underpinnings of value-reinforcement, and complementing role of self-affirmation at a group level represent the focal points of this dissertation. The findings of study 1 show that value transgression has a direct effect on the level of negative emotion experienced by the transgressor. The social threat that is manipulated by the presence of an out-group member during the time of transgression moderates the relationship between value transgression and level of negative emotion. Furthermore, value reinforcement (e.g, endorsing group value) can weaken the effect of threats and mitigate negative emotions. Study 1 findings show that value reinforcement's absence qualified previous proposition of value transgression and social presence interaction. In study 2, I carry on the investigation by showing that granting opportunities to affirm important group values mitigates their emotional tension. Study 2 results show that group-affirmation may work as a complementary factor that further explains the relationship between value reinforcement and emotional reaction in the event of transgressing group values.

The end-Ordovician mass extinction dramatically altered the course of conodont evolution. This extinction event is probably unique in that it can be strongly correlated with a glacial climatic control. This study has identified, through the application of high-resolution stratigraphy, events within the extinction and recovery intervals. Elements of the uppermost Ordovician Shelf-edge Biofacies were severely affected by the oceanic cooling and introduction of cold-water currents associated with the initiation of the glacial maximum. In contrast, elements of the Shelf Biofacies were more severely affected by the intense cooling, shallowing and overcrowding during the glacial maximum. A number of the Shelf-edge taxa that had survived the glacial maximum suffered extinction at the hands of increasing water temperatures, rising anoxia and/or the cessation of oceanic circulation during the post-glacial transgression. Recovery was initiated by the appearance of Crisis Progenitor Taxa within the glacial maximum in the Shelf Biofacies and during the post-glacial transgression in the Shelf- edge- Slope biofacies. The Shelf-edge Biofacies identified within the uppermost Ordovician is not recognised in the Lower Silurian. Two main biofacies occurred on the Shelf and Slope, which had directly evolved from their Upper Ordovician equivalents. The long-term recovery involved the evolution of Crisis Progenitor Taxa and Ecological Generalists within the Shelf and Slope Biofacies (autochthonous taxa). Punctuated equilibrium likely predominated in the Shelf Biofacies as a consequence of widely fluctuating physical conditions. In contrast, the more stable environments of the slope encouraged gradualistic evolution within the Slope Biofacies (Plus ça change Model). Transgressive episodes within the Llandovery, possibly linked to eccentricity cycles, caused the iterative appearance of Long-term Refugia Taxa (allochthonous taxa), sourced from a Pterospathodontid Biofacies. The transgressive episodes also drove elements of the Slope Biofacies onto the shelf. It has been observed that the mechanisms driving extinction, namely environmental disruption and temperature changes, were also responsible for fuelling the subsequent recovery.