Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Darmstadt.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2002. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-169).

University, Diss., 2000--Heidelberg.

This study on the hydrodynamics of fishing gear focuses on fish nets. A multi-scale concept has been introduced. By decomposing the fish net structure into 4 distinct scales of flow structure interaction (twine, node, mesh and substructure scales) the complexity is reduced with the potential to integrate new knowledge at each scale to form an overall picture of flow-gear interactions. Within the scope and time-frame of the project, experiments were carried out at the twine and mesh scales. Two sets of experiments were designed at twine scale. The first featured synchronous velocity and drag force measurements on various rigid cylinders consisting of circular cylinders and cylinders inspired by twisted twine. The second aimed to study the cylinder near-wakes in greater detail than previously using PIV. At mesh scale, experiments using rigid bi-plane grids were conducted with individual focus on investigating grid turbulence and flow-grid interactions respectively. The twisted cylinders did not affect mean drag, likely due to free-stream turbulence acting on the boundary layers and free shear layers possibly negating the effects of the twisted cylinder geometry. In the near-wake, the twisted cylinders deflected the free stream into the wake and secondary vortices were introduced, shed along the cylinder span, de-correlating the flow field and in one instance, destroying regular vortex shedding. At mesh scale, for low solidities, a limiting value for mesh length was found where the total drag was dominated by individual contribution of bars. The key to altering the turbulence properties of the flow was found to be alteration of the spectral energy in the largest turbulence scales. For turbulence generation, the spectral energy should be increased and for turbulence suppression, spectral energy should be decreased in the largest turbulence scales.

No description available.

Recently, granules under vertical vibrations receive many attentions due to their importance in theoretical research and engineering application. In this paper, a two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to examine the f/2 stripe pattern forming in a vertically vibrated granular layer. Since the PIV sampling frequency does not match with the vibrating frequency, a special identification-coupling method was adopted to combine the images taken in different cycles to offer the information in one complete cycle. The measured velocity vectors showed exactly the particle motions at various stages of a motion cycle, illustrating the alternating peaks and valleys on the layer top. Furthermore, quantitative results on the temporal evolution of velocity profiles were obtained and some other interesting phenomena were observed, such as the appearance of local structures (e.g. dual-phase layer structure) and the moving feature of the 'standing point'. The mechanism accounting for the occurrence of stripes on the surface is also discussed. This work will be of interest to a better understanding on pattern formation in the vibrating granular bed. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The overarching objective of this research project was to gain improved basic understanding of the fluid mechanisms governing the development of secondary flow structures in complex, three-dimensional inlet ducts. To accomplish this objective, particle image velocimetry measurements were employed to document the mean and turbulent flow properties within the complex flow regions. Complimentary, surface oil flow visualizations and static pressures were obtained to aid in the interpretation of the PIV data. Using these diagnostic techniques, the formation of a pair of counter-rotating vortices was revealed. Two-dimensional PIV measurements were conducted along 20 planes near the two bends of the duct model. All data was collected with an incoming freestream of 40 m/s. Over 2000 image pairs were collected for each measurement location, which were then processed and averaged to generate mean velocity, variance intensity, and velocity gradient statistics. The data was analyzed and it was determined that the experimental PIV data corresponded well with the qualitative flow visualization. This research will contribute to the particle image velocimetry database and subsequent analyses, which will provide additional insight into the flow structure and provide a new database for numerical model validation.

El objetivo principal de esta tesis es la mejora y la aplicación de la técnica PIV para analizar diferentes flujos de fluidos complejos en los sistemas que contienen partes sólidos móviles o estacionarias. Las partículas de alginato con/sin compuesto de fluoresceína incrustada se han desarrollado como una serie de elementos alternativos de siembra de nuevas aplicaciones de flujo para el PIV. Se ha encontrado que las micro-partículas de alginato tienen muchas ventajas sobre los tradicionales utilizados en sistemas de PIV. Un estudio amplio sobre el análisis del flujo en tres dimensiones de la bomba de engranajes externa se ha hecho por la técnica tiempo-resuelva PIV para investigar la dinámica y las estadísticas de flujo turbulento. Vorticidad y zonas turbulentas de alta energía cinética se han identificado dentro de la bomba de engranajes externa. La técnica PIV se ha aplicado de manera eficiente para analizar un intercambiador de calor de motor de flujo de bypass en un túnel del viento de bajo velocidad. Las partículas de alginato que contienen fluoresceína se han utilizado eficientemente en los experimentos que conducen a mejorar la calidad de la imagen PIV y analizar las estructuras de pequeña escala de los flujos. / The main objective of the thesis is the improvement and application of the PIV technique to analyse different complex fluid flows in systems that contain solid moving or stationary parts. The alginate particles with/without fluorescein compound imbedded have been developed as a new alternative flow seeding elements for PIV applications. It has been found that the alginate micro particles have many advantages over traditional ones used in PIV systems. A comprehensive study on the three-dimensional flow analysis of the external gear pump has been done by time-resolved PIV technique to investigate its turbulent flow dynamics and statistics. Vorticity and high turbulent kinetic energy areas have been identified inside the external gear pump. The PIV technique has been efficiently applied to analyse an engine bypass flow heat exchanger in a low speed wind tunnel. The alginate particles containing fluorescein have been efficiently used in the experiments that lead to improve the PIV image quality and analyse the small-scale structures of the flows.

The overarching objective of this research project was to gain improved basic understanding of the fluid mechanisms governing the development of secondary flow structures in complex, three-dimensional inlet ducts. To accomplish this objective, particle image velocimetry measurements were employed to document the mean and turbulent flow properties within the complex flow regions. Complimentary, surface oil flow visualizations and static pressures were obtained to aid in the interpretation of the PIV data. Using these diagnostic techniques, the formation of a pair of counter-rotating vortices was revealed. Two-dimensional PIV measurements were conducted along 20 planes near the two bends of the duct model. All data was collected with an incoming freestream of 40 m/s. Over 2000 image pairs were collected for each measurement location, which were then processed and averaged to generate mean velocity, variance intensity, and velocity gradient statistics. The data was analyzed and it was determined that the experimental PIV data corresponded well with the qualitative flow visualization. This research will contribute to the particle image velocimetry database and subsequent analyses, which will provide additional insight into the flow structure and provide a new database for numerical model validation.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-114).