Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1977. / Typescript.

This dissertation is manuscript-based. It contains an introduction, a literature review, a conclusion along with the four research papers that constitute its core. The four substantive papers reexamine the sources of earnings differences by race and immigration status in Canada. I address two major methodological issues in the relevant literature: the measurement of experience and the modeling of the relations between the factors known to influence earnings. Data from Statistics Canada's Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) was analyzed. The first two papers examine biases in the estimates of wage disparities due to error in the measurement of experience. They do so using two conventional estimation techniques: ordinary least squares (OLS) with dummy variables, and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. The third and fourth papers explore deficiencies in OLS-based modeling techniques. The third paper does so by separately analyzing the relationships between racial and immigrant group statuses and access to job-related training, and then the relationship between statuses and training, on one hand, and earnings on the other. The final paper uses structural equation modeling to further examine the relationship between group status and earnings, this time explicitly incorporating the mediating effects of job types, and job-related training. The papers reveal that inadequate measurement of work experience results in overestimates of the wage disadvantage of visible minority immigrants. Furthermore, some of the wage disadvantage of this group stems from limited access to job-related training.

This exploratory research examines the wage effects of a variety of measures thought to be important in the employment income determination process. It does this by using ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques to construct wage equations for two samples of blue-collar workers in Montreal. Blue-collar wage equations are constructed for: (i) the Montreal labour market and (ii) the Montreal food processing industry. / The results of this study show that Montreal blue-collar wages are determined by a variety of factors. Most importantly, however, are the wage effects exhibited by a worker's gender, union membership status and whether or not a worker has received a promotion from his/her present employer. These factors show statistically significant effects on the wages of blue-collar workers in the Montreal labour market as well as on the wages of blue-collar workers in the Montreal food processing industry. The present research also finds that certain factors have distinct wage effects on the different samples of blue-collar workers examined. Data from the present study indicates that the wages of Montreal blue-collar workers are influenced primarily by: (i) on-the-job training, (ii) promotions received, (iii) job opportunities available, (iv) an interruption in one's studies, (v) trade union membership and (vi) gender. While the wages of blue-collar workers employed specifically in the Montreal-area food processing industry are affected principally by: (i) the use of computers, (ii) the use of machines, (iii) promotions received, (iv) a varied work experience, (v) trade union membership, (vi) marital status and (vii) gender. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-122). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / x, 122 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (LL. M.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: Anthony Duggan.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-87). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-118).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--New School for Social Research, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 272-282).

O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da remuneração baseada em habilidades e competências, e a verificação dos resultados de sua aplicação por empresas brasileiras, aprofundando-se desta forma o conhecimento do assunto e obtendo-se subsídios para a sua sistematização. O trabalho foi realizado através do método de estudo de casos múltiplos, de caráter descritivo e explicativo. Na primeira parte do trabalho são discutidos os conceitos fundamentais da administração salarial, as técnicas tradicionais e as técnicas baseadas em habilidades e competências. Na segunda parte, desenvolve-se a apresentação e análise dos dados coletados, através do estudo de sete casos. Investigaram-se os resultados práticos da adoção de sistemas de remuneração por habilidades e competências, procurando-se aspectos coincidentes nos casos estudados e estabelecendo-se comparações com as recomendações e previsões da literatura atinente à matéria. Foram também investigadas as características gerais dos sistemas, as dificuldades encontradas nas suas implantações e as suas perspectivas de continuidade. Na apresentação dos resultados, procurou-se a tipificação dos modelos adotados, no tocante às suas estruturas e aos seus fundamentos. O estudo concluiu que as vantagens previstas na literatura, como o alinhamento dos sistemas de remuneração com os objetivos estratégicos das empresas, o estimulo ao desenvolvimento das habilidades e competências individuais, o aumento da flexibilidade na atuação dos profissionais, de modo geral, são confirmadas nas empresas pesquisadas. Isto indica que tais sistemas apresentam vantagens significativas sobre os sistemas de base funcional, aos quais se colocam como alternativa. Concluiu-se também que a tendência é de continuidade e desenvolvimento dos modelos adotados. Outras constatações foram realizadas, como a adoção dos sistemas baseados em habilidades e competências para apoiar importantes processos de transformações organizacionais, a inexistência de um padrão único para os sistemas de remuneração baseados em habilidades e competências, e a predominância dos sistemas voltados para a administração do salário base. Por outro lado foram também encontrados problemas, que apesar de previstos na literatura, representam importantes ameaças aos sistemas. Tais problemas podem ser atribuídos a aspectos culturais das empresas, como o apego ao referencial de cargos ou ainda, a falhas na concepção dos sistemas de remuneração, como a implantação isolada da gestão por competências em subsistemas de Recursos Humanos, a ausência de recursos para treinamento e desenvolvimento de competências, falhas na comunicação e divulgação do sistema aos empregados, definições vagas das competências ou ausência de instrumentos para a sua avaliação. Finalizando, são apresentadas sugestões para novas pesquisas e estudos, que aprofundem o conhecimento não apenas sobre a quantidade de empresas que utilizam sistemas de remuneração baseados em habilidades e competências no Brasil, mas também as razões para a sua não aplicação por maior número de empresas. Também são apresentadas outras sugestões, como a realização de novos estudos sobre metodologias para a elaboração de pesquisas salariais e o desenvolvimento de indicadores para a medição do desempenho dos sistemas de remuneração baseados em habilidades e competências. / The objective of this work is the study of skill and competency-based pay systems and the verification of the results of their applications by Brazilian companies, thus expanding knowledge of the subject and obtaining subsidies for its systematization. The work was carried out through a multiple case study methodology, with a descriptive and explanatory character. In the first part of the work the fundamentals of salary administration, the traditional techniques and the skill and competency-based techniques are discussed. In the second part, the presentation and analysis of the collected data, through seven case studies, is developed. The practical results of the adoption of skill and competency-based pay systems were researched seeking coincidental aspects in the studied cases and establishing comparisons with the recommendations and forecasts from the literature related to the subject. The general characteristics of the systems, the difficulties found in their implementation and their continuity perspectives were investigated as well. In the presentation of the results the aim was to typify the adopted models, concerning their structures and foundations. The study concluded that the advantages forecasted in the literature, such as the alignment of pay systems with the strategic goals of the companies, the incentive for the development of individual skills and competencies, the increase of flexibility in the performance of professionals, in general, are confirmed by the companies researched. This indicates that such systems present significant advantages over job based systems, for which they are an alternative. It was also concluded that the trend is of continuity and development of the adopted models. There were other findings, like the adoption of skills and competency-based systems to support important organizational changing processes, the lack of a single standard for such systems, and the prevalence of those that focus on base salary. On the other hand, persistent problems were found, despite having been forecasted by the literature and representing threats to the systems. Such problems can be attributed to cultural aspects of the companies, like the habit of considering the job as a main reference or even to failures in the conception of pay systems, like isolated implementation of competency-based management in Human Resources subsystems, the lack of resources for competencies training and development, failures in communication of the system to the employees and vague descriptions of the competencies or unavailability of instruments for their evaluation. Finally, suggestions are presented for new research and studies which increase knowledge not only about the quantity of companies which use skills and competency-based pay systems in Brazil, but also the reasons why it is not applied by a larger number of companies. Other suggestions are also presented, like new studies about methodologies for the elaboration of salary surveys and the development of indicators to measure the performance of skills and competency-based pay systems.