Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The main objective of this study is to analyze the demand for water in Denton. The data used for the study are obtained from the City of Denton Utilities Department, the Tax Appraisal District and government documents. The 121 households which have perfect ten years historical data of water consumption were selected to be the representatives of all households in Denton. The study reveals that the change in water consumption significantly relates to the change in marginal price. Furthermore, the weather variables also have strong effects on the water consumption, especially during summer. The coefficients of income and a "difference" variable are found to have the opposite sign but are not equal in magnitude. In fact, they should be equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign. While the estimated coefficients on all independent variables were highly significant statistically, the resulting coefficient on the house size variable was statistically insignificant in the model test. The results show that the difference variable is required in the model. It also had some effect on the water consumption. It is found that there is a small change in water consumption when the lot size is increased.

Annual rainfall of Taiwan was 2.6 times larger than the average of the world, but the average allocation of rainfall per square meter of everyone in Taiwan was less than the fifth of the average of the world because of severe rainfall and dense population. When the government set into action of water conservation, education and guidance were the most important tools, however, the arduous challenge of the government was how to turn the slogan into the motion. This paper aimed to explore IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication, IMC) applied to public policies of the government and influenced an attitude of water consumption of consumer by literature discussion. Besides A Case Study of Taiwan Water Corporation, this paper analyzed and explored the influence of de-marketing strategies of the government on the south of Taiwan by questionnaire survey. The samples for the quantitative research were the water users from Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County , and there were 351 valid data finally. The conclusions were that each aspect of IMC was related to the water conservation, but only ¡§Preference Assessment¡¨ and ¡§Satisfication Assessment¡¨ had predictability. And the bettet preference and satisfication of the water conservation measures of the government consumers had, the better coordinate degree of water consumption.

Thesis (M.S. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Technical University of Denmark, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-41). Also available in electronic format via Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999? / Includes bibliographical references (64 p. ).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The high rates of obesity and impaired glycemia in older adults place these individuals at risk for developing diabetes. Dehydration, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance are related. Many older adults do not achieve the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for water, and aging and dehydration are both associated with decreased glucose tolerance. Conversely, weight loss is associated with improvements in glucose tolerance. For older adults following a hypocaloric diet, additional water consumption may lead to greater weight loss. Furthermore, research suggests an association between insulin resistance and arginine vasopressin (AVP), the hormone responsible for regulating body water retention. Analysis of the association between plasma copeptin (an AVP derivative) and fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) may provide further insight into the relationship between dehydration and diabetes risk. To our knowledge, few investigations have addressed this relationship between dehydration, impaired glycemia, and insulin resistance and how increasing water consumption may influence diabetes risk. Our purpose was to investigate the possibility that increased water consumption among older adults (n=29, BMI=31+1 kg/m2, age=62+1 years) could improve glycemia beyond that observed with weight loss, as well as associations between plasma copeptin and diabetes risk. Analysis of diabetes-related variables for subjects grouped according to study intervention group, amount of drinking water consumed, or pair-matched for weight loss and gender did not reveal significant differences between groups. Improvements in fasting insulin for water group participants, as well as correlations between hydration and insulin resistance support the need for future investigations. / Master of Science

Water is essential to life, but it is becoming inadequate, even in Europe. In central, western, and a few parts of northern and northeastern Europe, water availability is facing challenges due to the impacts of climate change. These impacts further cause strains on water abstractions needed for agriculture, industries, energy, and public water supply, as well as causing extreme weather conditions like droughts during the summer. One possibility is to reduce these issues by raising awareness among individuals of their direct and indirect water consumption. However, this study implies that people cannot visualize their water consumption due to not possessing or conveniently accessing their water meter. Thus, this thesis explores the implementation of gamification and its features using a prototype to observe if this can create motivation to educate individuals in reducing their water consumption. This study uses research through design approach centered around the mid-fidelity mobile application prototype, named SAVR, developed in the iterative design process. The iterative process consists of three phases where the participants are involved in evaluating the prototype containing gamification features. The results suggest that specific game features such as points, progress and feedback successfully engaged participants in using the prototype, consequently changing their attitude, and stimulating some awareness raised on their water consumption. Overall, this opens a scope for municipalities to adopt a gamified mobile application to communicate the importance of sustainable water use as well as educating the citizens of the awareness in a playful way.

Various studies have pointed out the growing need to assess the availability of water sources in regions around the world as future forecasts suggest that water demands will increase significantly for agricultural, industrial and human consumption while freshwater resources are being depleted. One such emerging issue is the effect of industrial operations on said resources, specifically from automobiles. With numerous localities experiencing stresses on water availability, key stakeholders - suppliers, automakers, and vehicle end-users - need to better realize the effect vehicle manufacturing, usage, and disposal have on water resources. While efforts to improve the overall environmental performance of vehicles have mainly concentrated on improving technologies, there has also been considerable effort devoted to characterizing the life-cycle performance of the vehicle product system. However, much of this work has focused on energy consumption and carbon emissions while few studies have examined water. The difference between water use versus water consumption were highlighted and the life-cycle water consumption of a gasoline-powered midsize vehicle were analyzed from material extraction through production, use, and final disposition/end of life. This analysis examines each of the phases to determine a carâ s water footprint using data from the EcoInvent Life Cycle Analysis database as well as data collected from literature sources. Although water use is typically metered at the factory level, water consumption (i.e., water lost through evaporation and/or incorporation into a material, part, and/or product) is much harder to quantify. As shown in this thesis, the difference can be an order of magnitude or more because much of the water that goes into the different processes is either reused, recycled, or discharged back to its original source. The use phase of a vehicle has the biggest impact on the overall vehicle water consumption, followed by material production, whereas water consumption for the end of life processing seems to be relatively insignificant. It is also shown that the impact of energy consumption as part of the total water footprint is very large when compared to the other processes given the dependence on water for energy production. The assessment in this thesis represents a life-cycle inventory and serves as an initial benchmark as no previous study has been completed to determine the water consumption for the life of a vehicle, let alone for most other products. The impact of water consumption varies by region and locality, and a differentiation of impact would still be needed to determine whether the water consumption actually happens in water scarce regions or not.