This paper analyzes the demand for water in case of a multiple-part tariff in Denton, Texas. The model used is developed from Billing & Agthe's model by using the following variables: marginal price, difference variable, tax assessed value, lot size, house size, temperature and rainfall.. The results indicate that temperature has the greatest effect on water demand, since this area is considered to be a very warm area. Also, marginal price seems to have a strong effect on water consumption indicating that customer is well-informed to a change in rate schedule. This test supports the original idea of the previous articles that the coefficient on difference variable and that on income should have the opposite sign. However, this test can not prove that those coefficients should be equal in magnitude, since the proxy of the income variable can not represent the individual monthly income. In addition, this article introduces another variable which can be a proxy of outdoor water use. That is lot size showing the effect on water demand. The last variable used in the model, house size,does not have much effect on water demand and is dropped out in the final model.

Wong, Jefferson See. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-151). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.i / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Study Area --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Geographical setting --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Climate --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Water demand and supply in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- Significance of the Study --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6 --- Outline of Thesis --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Concept of Urban Water Consumption / Water Use --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Urban Water Consumption Patterns --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4 --- Factors Influencing Urban Water Consumption --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Model Formulation of Urban Water Consumption --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6 --- Methods of Forecasting Urban Water Consumption --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- DATA AND METHODOLOGY --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Water Consumption and Climatic Data --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- Modeling Framework and Procedure --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Base Water Use --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Long-term trend --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5 --- Seasonal Water Use --- p.53 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Seasonal cycle --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Climatic effect --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6 --- Calendrical Water Use --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Day-of-the-week effect --- p.62 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Holiday effect --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Persistence component --- p.64 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.65 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- Model Fitting and Parameterization --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- Long-term Trend in Base Water Use --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4 --- Seasonal Water Use --- p.76 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Seasonal cycle --- p.76 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Climatic effect --- p.81 / Chapter 4.5 --- Calendrical Water Use --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Day-of-the-week effect --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Holiday effect --- p.90 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Persistence component --- p.98 / Chapter 4.6 --- Evaluation of Model Performance --- p.112 / Chapter 4.7 --- Relative Contribution of Various Components of Water Consumption --- p.128 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CONCLUSION --- p.136 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.136 / Chapter 5.2 --- Summary of Findings --- p.137 / Chapter 5.3 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.141 / Chapter 5.4 --- Recommendations for Future Studies --- p.142 / REFERENCE LIST --- p.143

Water scarcity has gained increasing awareness globally, and the small island developing states of the Caribbean, including Barbados, are not exempt from this global crisis. There is a large amount of variation to be found between Barbados' 11 parishes demographically, economically, and socially, with tourism encapsulating an especially significant sector for both the economy and water use, emphasized in certain parishes most prevalently. / Surveys were carried out in four coastal parishes and respondents were asked various water-related questions for their household. The survey addressed a myriad of issues such as water availability, quality, categorizing responsibilities of water-related tasks, as well as a number of other topics. The number of surveys conducted was equivalent to one per cent of each parish population. The chi-square test for the analysis of a two-way contingency table was conducted to determine the influence of development and gender on parish households in differential water use, access, and perceptions of water. Surveys were completed to provide clarity to the objectives of the research which were twofold: to determine whether the amount of economic, social, and physical development of a parish influences the access and distribution of domestic water to households; and to uncover gender perceptions related to water use and determine how water use patterns and water consumption vary between genders in households. / Parish development was a much stronger indicator for water usage and distribution rather than gender. All questions compared across parishes yielded at least one statistically significant response with the exception of determining whether water shortages affected lifestyles. Parish water use was highest in St. Philip (898.1 L/week/capita) and lowest in St. Lucy, (729.9 L/week/capita). The gender analysis provided statistically insignificant results except for the total respondents' water quality, and a household's satisfaction with their water situation, which were only significant for the total population and St. Lucy categories. Regarding division of labour within households, women still occupy the majority of tasks relating to water by spending on average 12.6 hrs/week on water-related domestic tasks; while males and children spend almost 5.6 hrs/week and 1.70 hrs/week respectively.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1984. / Bibliography: leaves [224]-233. / Microfiche. / xviii, 233 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (M.L. Arch. - Landscape Resources)--University of Arizona, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-170).

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page; viewed on July 2, 2009. "May 2009." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Architecture." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Jens Pohl, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-105).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2009. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Engineering, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

Orientador: José Renato Zanini / Coorientador: Luiz Fabiano Palaretti / Banca: João Luis Zocoler / Banca: Alexandre Barcellos Dalri / Resumo: A soja é uma das culturas mais importante na economia mundial, originária de clima temperado, adapta-se bem em uma faixa de 20 a 35 ºC e a necessidade total de água para a cultura é em torno de 800 mm/ciclo, dependendo das condições climáticas, manejo da cultura e duração do ciclo. O conhecimento sobre a temperatura de superfície, o saldo de radiação e a evapotranspiração da cultura em cada fase fenológica é a base para o dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação e gerenciamento eficiente da água. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o albedo de superfície, o NDVI, o saldo de radiação, a temperatura de superfície e a evapotranspiração real da soja, aplicando o algoritmo "Simple Algoritmo Model For Evapotranspiration Retrieving" - SAFER comparado com o método FAO 56, fazendo uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e das variáveis climáticas obtidas em estação agrometeorológica. Constatou-se que o valor médio do albedo de superfície calculado pelo SAFER para todo o ciclo da soja foi de 18%. As áreas com valores de NDVI próximos a 0,8 espera-se maiores produtividades, podendo ser gerados mapas que auxiliarão de forma qualitativa. A temperatura de superfície estimada pelo SAFER apresentou valores bem próximos aos medidos pela estação agrometeorológica. Os maiores valores de saldo de radiação foram encontrados nas fases de pleno desenvolvimento, enquanto que os menores ocorreram em fase próxima a colheita e solo exposto. A ETr média estimada pelo SAFER apresentou redução ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soybean is one of the most important crops in the world economy, coming from temperate climate, well adapted in a range of 20 to 35 °C and the total water requirement for the crop is around 800 mm/cycle, depending on the climate conditions, crop management and cycle duration. Knowledge about surface temperature, radiation balance and evapotranspiration of the crop in each phenological phase are the basis for the operation of water efficient irrigation systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to estimate the surface albedo, the NDVI, the balance of radiation, the surface temperature and actual evapotranspiration of soybean applying the algorithm "Simple Algorithm Model For Evapotranspiration Retrieving" - SAFER compared to model FAO 56, using remote sensing techniques and of the climatic variables obtained in agrometeorological station. It was observed the average value of the surface albedo calculated by SAFER for the entire soybean cycle was 18%. Areas with NDVI values close to 0.8 expected higher yields, and maps can be generated that will help in a qualitative way. The surface temperature estimated by SAFER was very close to that measured by the agrometeorological station. Analyzed only by phenological phases, the highest values of radiation balance were found in the phases of full development while the smaller ones, in the near phase the harvest and exposed soil. The mean ETr estimated by SAFER presented a reduction of 1.91 mm day¹ compared to the FAO 56 method. / Mestre

A água é um recurso natural imprescindível para a sobrevivência. Sua preservação está atrelada à atividade cotidiana do homem. Sensibilizar os estudantes sobre a necessidade da sua preservação através do uso consciente é uma alternativa para garantir água potável para as gerações futuras. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar, implementar e analisar uma sequência didática sobre o tema “Água”, contemplando diferentes estratégias no ensino de Ciências para o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, estabelecendo um processo avaliativo contínuo, que rompesse as relações de poder construídas no cotidiano da sala de aula e tornasse professores e estudantes parceiros na avaliação e aprendizagem. Foram utilizadas diferentes estratégias didáticas para desenvolver as atividades, tais como experimentos, problematização, observação, trabalhos em grupo, vídeos, construção de sínteses, entre outras, na tentativa de se atender às individualidades de cada estudante. A sequência didática foi construída ao longo de 2015 com uma “turma ideal”, mas necessitou de ajustes para funcionar com a turma de testagem em 2016, uma vez que esta ultima era bastante heterogênea e mais difícil de trabalhar do que a primeira. Como resultados, observou-se que os estudantes manifestaram grande interesse em participar das atividades propostas, tanto na turma piloto, quanto na turma de testagem. Além disso, em ambas verificou-se que houve construção de conhecimentos. Concluiu-se que ao propor diferentes estratégias para a construção de conhecimento sobre o tema possibilitou aos estudantes uma visão global dos conceitos fundamentais sobre água, favorecendo as relações entre o saber científico e o cotidiano, além de permitir uma ressignificação de valores visando o consumo consciente e a preservação deste recurso natural essencial à vida. O produto final deste estudo é um guia didático de Ciências para o Ensino Fundamental, que descreve procedimentos para uma abordagem diferenciada dos conteúdos referentes ao tema água. / Submitted by cmquadros@ucs.br (cmquadros@ucs.br) on 2018-02-28T18:52:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana Bonato Lovato.pdf: 11617861 bytes, checksum: 0b0320eb95062bdb3469c391acb193b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T18:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana Bonato Lovato.pdf: 11617861 bytes, checksum: 0b0320eb95062bdb3469c391acb193b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Water is an indispensable natural resource for survival. Its preservation is linked to human daily activities. Making the students aware about the necessity of its preservation through conscious use is an alternative to guarantee drinking water for the future generations. In this context, this research had as objective to elaborate, implement and analyze a didactic sequence on the theme "Water", contemplating different strategies in the teaching of Sciences for the sixth year of Elementary School, establishing a continuous evaluation process that would break the relations of power built in the everyday classroom and make teachers and students partners in evaluation and learning. There were used several didactic strategies to develop the activities, such as experiments, questioning, observation, group works, videos, synthesis construction, among others, in an attempt to meet the individualities of each student. The didactic sequence was constructed during 2015 with an "ideal class", but it needed adjustments to work with the test group in 2016, since the latter was quite heterogeneous and more difficult to work than the first. As a result, it was observed that the students showed great interest in participating in the proposed activities, both in the pilot group and in the test group. In addition, in both, it was verified that there was construction of knowledge. As a result, it was observed that the students showed great interest in participating in the proposed activities, both in the pilot group and in the test group. In addition, in both, it was verified that there was construction of knowledge. It was concluded that in proposing different strategies for the construction of knowledge on the subject, it was possible for the students to have a global view of the fundamental concepts on water, favoring the relations between scientific and everyday knowledge, as well as allowing a re-signification of values aiming at conscious consumption and the preservation of this natural resource essential for life. The final product of this study is a didactic guide of Sciences for the Elementary School, which describes procedures for a differentiated approach of the contents related to the theme water.

A água é um recurso natural imprescindível para a sobrevivência. Sua preservação está atrelada à atividade cotidiana do homem. Sensibilizar os estudantes sobre a necessidade da sua preservação através do uso consciente é uma alternativa para garantir água potável para as gerações futuras. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar, implementar e analisar uma sequência didática sobre o tema “Água”, contemplando diferentes estratégias no ensino de Ciências para o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, estabelecendo um processo avaliativo contínuo, que rompesse as relações de poder construídas no cotidiano da sala de aula e tornasse professores e estudantes parceiros na avaliação e aprendizagem. Foram utilizadas diferentes estratégias didáticas para desenvolver as atividades, tais como experimentos, problematização, observação, trabalhos em grupo, vídeos, construção de sínteses, entre outras, na tentativa de se atender às individualidades de cada estudante. A sequência didática foi construída ao longo de 2015 com uma “turma ideal”, mas necessitou de ajustes para funcionar com a turma de testagem em 2016, uma vez que esta ultima era bastante heterogênea e mais difícil de trabalhar do que a primeira. Como resultados, observou-se que os estudantes manifestaram grande interesse em participar das atividades propostas, tanto na turma piloto, quanto na turma de testagem. Além disso, em ambas verificou-se que houve construção de conhecimentos. Concluiu-se que ao propor diferentes estratégias para a construção de conhecimento sobre o tema possibilitou aos estudantes uma visão global dos conceitos fundamentais sobre água, favorecendo as relações entre o saber científico e o cotidiano, além de permitir uma ressignificação de valores visando o consumo consciente e a preservação deste recurso natural essencial à vida. O produto final deste estudo é um guia didático de Ciências para o Ensino Fundamental, que descreve procedimentos para uma abordagem diferenciada dos conteúdos referentes ao tema água. / Water is an indispensable natural resource for survival. Its preservation is linked to human daily activities. Making the students aware about the necessity of its preservation through conscious use is an alternative to guarantee drinking water for the future generations. In this context, this research had as objective to elaborate, implement and analyze a didactic sequence on the theme "Water", contemplating different strategies in the teaching of Sciences for the sixth year of Elementary School, establishing a continuous evaluation process that would break the relations of power built in the everyday classroom and make teachers and students partners in evaluation and learning. There were used several didactic strategies to develop the activities, such as experiments, questioning, observation, group works, videos, synthesis construction, among others, in an attempt to meet the individualities of each student. The didactic sequence was constructed during 2015 with an "ideal class", but it needed adjustments to work with the test group in 2016, since the latter was quite heterogeneous and more difficult to work than the first. As a result, it was observed that the students showed great interest in participating in the proposed activities, both in the pilot group and in the test group. In addition, in both, it was verified that there was construction of knowledge. As a result, it was observed that the students showed great interest in participating in the proposed activities, both in the pilot group and in the test group. In addition, in both, it was verified that there was construction of knowledge. It was concluded that in proposing different strategies for the construction of knowledge on the subject, it was possible for the students to have a global view of the fundamental concepts on water, favoring the relations between scientific and everyday knowledge, as well as allowing a re-signification of values aiming at conscious consumption and the preservation of this natural resource essential for life. The final product of this study is a didactic guide of Sciences for the Elementary School, which describes procedures for a differentiated approach of the contents related to the theme water.