The dissertation is the research about artistic contributions of the China Opera ¡§ Sha Gou Ji ¡¨ , and discuss the related questions, external social culture phenomenon. The artistic contributions are discussion about the plot, subject, figure, script. External social culture phenomenon is the discussion about the social culture meaning which is ¡§ Sha Gou Ji ¡¨ present point¡Ghousehold morality. The dissertation is including six research chapters. The First Chapter¡GIntroduction To introduce the research cause, research method, research scope. The Second¡GThe author and the edition To conclude the author and the edition, and compare the south opera ¡§ Sha Gou Ji ¡¨ to essay ¡§Sha Gou Quan Fu¡¨ The Third Chapter¡GThe plot subject Research about the construction and what thought want to communicate. The Forth Chapter¡GAnalysis about the major roles Analysis about the major roles , and discussion about the personal characteristic from each role. The Fifth Chapter¡GLanguage art Research about the language feature , rhetoric skill. Then we can understand the artistry. The Sixth Chapter¡GConclusion The research conclusion from each chapters study

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The fabrication and measurement of a 40Gbps optical transceiver module used in optical-fiber communication is investigated. The module extends data rate by using four optical transceiver modules, with 10Gbps for each throughput. The optical transceiver module consists of transmitter and receiver. The transmitter is composed by laser driver IC and 1315nm DFB laser. The receiver is composed by limiting amplifier and 1310nm ROSA (Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly). An optical transceiver module is operated at signal pattern of 231-1 and data rate of 10Gbps. For optimum transmitter measurement, the peak-peak Jitter, ER, and Vpp, are 23ps, 3.75dB ,and 486mV, respectively. The result of eye diagram measurement can meet the mask of OC-192 standard, with eye mask margin of 10%. For optimum receiver measurement, peak-to-peak jitter and Q-factor are 17ps and 12.7 . The result of eye diagram measurement can pass the mask test and reach 35%. In the condition of bit error rate of 10-9, the sensitivity of receiver is -15.5dBm.The developed transceiver module can be used in the WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) applications.

It has been nearly 60 years since the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became two equal entities under divided rule and not subordinate to each other as the aftermath of the Civil War between KMT and Communists. As the Chinese Mainland promoted the policy of renovation and opening in 1978, and the ROC announced the termination of the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion in 1987, increased contacts and visits by people to each other's shores and the rapid expansion of cross-strait trade and investment have made civilian exchanges a very important part of cross-strait relations. These exchanges, on the other hand, have led to a number of identified issues, such as the safety of Taiwan residents in the mainland area; the protection of investments by Taiwan businessmen on the Chinese mainland; related customs and tariffs issues; the handling of fishery disputes; the repatriation of illegal entrants and joint efforts to combat crime; as well as mutual assistance concerning judicial matters. Of all these issues, joint efforts to combat crime and mutual assistance concerning judicial matters cannot be left unresolved in a minute in order for the Chinese Mailand and the ROC to supress the crime offense resulted from collusion with gangsters in two sides, Hong kong and Macau, and then to safeguard the residents¡¦ life and property. From the perspective of legal assistance in criminal matters, the study aims to discuss the issue of the joint efforts from the two sides to fight crime. In the thesis, five chapers are laid out. Chapter One begins with Introduction, delineating research motivation, purposes, design and methods. Chapter Two reviews the major formulation of theories about ¡§Concept of and Reasons about Crime¡¨, ¡§Social Change¡¨, ¡§Social Control¡¨, ¡§Legal Assistance in Crimial Matters¡¨, and ¡§Globalization and Joint Effort to Combat Crime.¡¨ Chapter Three focuses on the analyses of types of crime committed on both sides of Strait to probe into the major categorizations of felony for the collaborated offenses in Taiwan and Mainland. Suggestions on preventing crime effectively are also posited in this chapter. Chapter Four, taking an international perspective, explores the mechanisms of joint effort on cracking down crime and legal assistance in criminal matters. Chapter Five has its ground on the cross-strait relationships, explicating how the both sides of Strait build up the mechansim of mutual assistance concerning criminal and judicial matters, with the foreground of trust and credit. Chapter Six concludes with suggestions for the ROC. While the two sides shelving for the time being ideological conflicts, the government is urged to stand her ground on the Kinmen Joint Agreement and to take the example of The Taiwan frigate deal to adopt effective and pragmatic moves against criminal and judicial matters involving people from both sides through the mutual assistance on individual criminal cases. Through good interaction and trustworthy relation, the ROC and the Chinese Mainland are able to achieve the common goal of joint combat of crime and mutual assistance on judicial branches of the two sides. Only by doing so can the well-being of the people of the two sides be protected, win-win relations achieved, and the security of the Asia Pacific region actually be secured.

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We apply a new simple tests for panel cointegration, provided by Westerlund(2005), to re-examine the purchasing power parity hypothesis for eight Pacific Basin countries. We also report Pedroni(2004) panel cointegration test for comparison. The empirical evidence supports the weak purchasing power parity hypothesis for eight Pacific Basin countries. Furthermore, when we test the condition on the cointegrating vector that required for strong purchasing power parity to hold, we reject the strong purchasing power parity hypothesis for eight Pacific Basin countries.

At present democracy countries, the governmental budgets must be resolved by legislative process. By means of budget, the government levies tax from citizens and provides public goods to citizens. Local government works closely with their residents; therefore, local government can meet their residents¡¦ needs and preferences, which is more efficient than central government. In addition, budget provides an appropriate point to research local government finance. In the other words, budget management is the core issue to research on local government finance and makes research meaningful. In recent years, the local government expanded it functions and public expenditures increased, which express importance of financial management. Therefore, budget is the critical link to test local government¡¦s financial management. The decision of local government¡¦s budget is formed by planning, compiling, auditing, and administering procedures. The budget administrator¡¦s strategy and interaction will make an impact on quality of budget for compiling and administering which affects on the result of administrational plan. The main purpose of our thesis, through agency theory of new institutional economics, is to discuss factors that affect decision-making process of budget, such as environment, arrangement, and systematic factors, and administrators¡¦ interaction. Moreover, we also analyze, under the institutional relationship, how limited rational person¡¦s strategic interaction made impact on the decision of budget. Finally, we further research whether result of budget meets citizen¡¦s needs and benefit or causes adverse effect. Our conclusion discovered that, by institutional factors of budget decision-making process, the budget decision-making needs to be improved. In addition, the entire decision-making process rives with multi-assignor and agency relationship and information asymmetry, which harms benefit of the electorate. Therefore, initialing institution will administer to lower uncertainty, information asymmetry, rectify erroneous resource allocation, and avoid public goods tragedy phenomenon. Therefore, institution is critical factor for efficiency. This is true meaning for new institutional economics. Keywords: Government Budget, Budget decision, New Institutional Economics, Agency theory, Information asymmetry.

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