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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

[pt] COMPOSTAGEM DE RESÍDUOS VEGETAIS EM ÁREA VERDE URBANA: UM EXPERIMENTO NO CAMPUS DA PUC-RIO / [en] COMPOSTING OF PLANT RESIDUES IN AN URBAN GREEN AREA: AN EXPERIMENT ON THE CAMPUS OF PUC-RIO

MARIA CECILIA VERTULLI CARNEIRO 11 October 2021 (has links)
[pt] A compostagem apresenta-se como um dos principais tratamentos e destino para os resíduos orgânicos, entretanto na área urbana tem sido utilizada em pequena escala, pois grande parte desta fração é disposta diretamente em aterros sanitários. Associada à grande oferta de matéria orgânica e a fim de incentivar a adoção desta prática nas cidades, torna-se interessante aliá-la às hortas urbanas, visto que o produto gerado no processo auxilia na fertilidade e fornece nutrientes ao solo. Este trabalho pretendeu testar diferentes misturas de resíduos vegetais em um processo de compostagem em leiras estáticas com aeração passiva realizado dentro de um ambiente urbano com intuito de avaliar os compostos produzidos. A pesquisa se deu por meio de experimento de campo, o qual foi conduzido no campus da PUC-Rio, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre novembro de 2018 e março de 2019. O experimento foi constituído por leiras com 3 diferentes composições e 2 repetições. As misturas foram folha + grama, folha + grama + galho e folha + galho. As matérias-primas foram pesadas no início e no fim do processo. Os compostos produzidos foram pesados e amostras foram levadas para análise em laboratório. A mistura folha + grama foi a mais produtiva; a mistura folha + grama + galho apresentou, em geral, os resultados analíticos mais altos, porém não houve grandes diferenças entre as misturas. Todos os compostos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios e de acordo com padrões existentes em literatura e legislação brasileira relacionada. A metodologia se mostrou eficiente. / [en] Solid waste is a problem, some consequences and negative environmental impacts of its generation and wrong disposal are inappropriate treatment; waste dumps disposal; emissions; air, soil and water pollution; a threat to marine biodiversity; incorporated hazardous substances. In Brazil in 2017, circa 42,3 million tons of MSW collected, equivalent of 59,1 percent, was disposed in sanitary landfill. The rest, 40,9 percent, more than 29 million tons, was disposed in inappropriate places, such as waste dumps and controlled landfills (ABRELPE, 2018). In the country, more than the half of the MSW, 51,4 percent, consists in organic matter (Brasil, 2012). This material is often disposed together with other types of waste. It influences the production of methane from landfills and reduces its lifespan. A very good management, separate collection systems, searching alternatives to give this material a better destination and treatment is necessary. An alternative of treatment to organic waste is composting, a simple and good technology. It is a biological process that occurs mainly by microorganisms action, decomposition of organic matter, such as food scraps, fruits, leaves and manure. The product of the process is the compost, a stable material that is dark brown or black and has an earthy smell, rich in nutrients, able to improve physical, chemical and biological qualities of the soil and may be used in agriculture (Souza et al., 2001; Nunes, 2009). Composting is a useful technique for organic waste management in urban and industrial areas, agricultural use and sustainable development, a satisfactory process for waste treatment (Oliveira et al., 2008; Inácio and Miller, 2009). The high generation of organic waste shows the potential of material able to be treated. According to Leal (2014), the use of these materials is fundamental to cause sustainability of national agriculture and environmental conservation. Thus, avoiding materials from accumulating in a certain location, which can cause environmental problems, taking them to other places for agricultural and plant production. There is in Brazil a specific law for solid waste, it is the law number 12.305 of 2010, that institutes the National Policy on Solid Waste (Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos – PNRS, in Portuguese). It defines terms and sets goals. The law mentions composting as a final environmentally adequate destination and that it should be implemented a composting system for organic waste (Brasil, 2010).

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