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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

[en] METEORITE ANALYSIS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY (252CF-PDMS) AND BY X-RAY AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIES (XRD, XRF, PIXE, FTIR AND RAMAN) / [pt] ANÁLISE DE METEORITOS POR ESPECTROMETRIA DE MASSA (252CF-PDMS) E POR ESPECTROSCOPIAS DE RAIOS X E DE INFRAVERMELHO (XRD, XRF, PIXE, FTIR E RAMAN)

JEAN MICHEL DA SILVA PEREIRA 19 January 2016 (has links)
[pt] A pesquisa em meteoritos é de extrema importância para o entendimento de certos processos astrofísicos, pois estes objetos trazem em sua estrutura informações fundamentais para a compreensão da evolução do Sistema Solar. Neste trabalho, são estudadas amostras dos meteoritos Isna, Allende e Zagami. As técnicas analíticas utilizadas foram: espectrometria de massa (252Cf-PDMS-TOF), espectroscopia vibracional (FTIR-MIR e Raman) e espectroscopias de raios X (XRF, XRD e PIXE). Além dessas análises, o meteorito Isna foi submetido a um processamento térmico com o objetivo de separar os constituintes refratários dos voláteis; as frações separadas foram analisadas por FTIR, Raman e PDMS. A composição elementar das amostras foi determinada por XRF e PIXE e comparadas. A informação dada pela técnica FTIR restringe-se praticamente à vibração da ligação Si-O. A técnica XRD fornece a composição mineralógica majoritária das fases cristalinas dos meteoritos Isna e Allende mostrando que ambos possuem olivina (forsterita - Mg2SiO4) e troilita (FeS). Os espectros Raman dos condritos carbonáceos Isna e Allende confirmam a ocorrência de olivina e revelam o grau de desordem da matéria orgânica contida em suas matrizes: o Allende tem maior grau de maturidade térmica, possivelmente por ter sido exposto a maiores temperaturas. O espectro Raman do não condrito Zagami mostra a existência de diopsídio (MgCaSi2O6). Os resultados obtidos por PDMS, para íons secundários positivos e negativos, permitem a identificação de isótopos e de estruturas silicáticas. / [en] The research on meteorites is particularly relevant for the study of several astrophysics processes since these cosmic objects carry in their structure basic information useful for the understanding of the solar system evolution. In this work, samples of the Isna, Allende e Zagami meteorites are studied. The employed analytical techniques were: mass spectrometry (252Cf-PDMS-TOF), vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR-MIR and Raman) and X-ray spectroscopies (XRF, XRD and PIXE). In another series of measurements, the Isna meteorite was thermally processed aiming to separate the material into two samples: one, having residuals with refractory minerals, and another containing the sublimated and re-condensed constituents; the two fractions were analyzed by FTIR, Raman and PDMS. The elemental compositions of the samples were determined by XRF and PIXE. FTIR results are practically limited to the Si-O link absorption. The XRD analyses of Isna and Allende meteorites inform that the majoritarian mineralogical compositions of their crystalline phases are due to olivine (forsterite - Mg2SiO4) and to troilite (FeS). The Raman spectra the carbonaceous chondrites Isna and Allende confirm the occurrence of olivine and yields the disorder degree of the organic material in their matrixes: the Allende one has a higher thermal maturity degree, suggesting that it was exposed to higher temperatures in outer space. The Raman spectrum of the achondrite Zagami sample shows the occurrence of diopside (MgCaSi2O6). The PDMS results, obtained for positive and negative secondary ions, allow the identification of isotopes and of silicate structures.

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