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There are 5 files which have been withheld at the author's request. Master of Commerce - Commerce / Business processes in all sectors of the business community require information to achieve the missions of their organisations. The quality of the information is directly related to the quality of the application system which process or produce such information. During application systems development, the project manager should consciously gather the application owner’s quality requirements, and ensure that those requirements are built into the application which is delivered at the conclusion of the development project. The specified quality requirements should be measurable to ensure that their presence can be verified in the end product. This report uses quality attributes obtained from the International Standard (ISO) 9126 Software Evaluation Framework, to specify these requirements and to verify their achievement. This research found that there is a consensus among application system owners and project managers on the importance of quality attributes as an evaluation tool of the quality of an application system. In the quest for quality, the starting point should be gathering of quality requirements and their correct interpretation.

SWECO structures har genomfört en utredning gällande kraven på konstruktionsdokumentation och hur huvudkonstruktörens samordnande roll ska definieras. I och med otydliga formuleringar i boverkets konstruktionsregler och interna samordningsproblem på SWECO uppstod behovet att definiera hur företaget ska tolka dessa krav och hur samordningen av konstruktionsarbetet kan förbättras. Resultatet av utredningen blev en mall för konstruktionsdokumentation, ett flödesschema för hur arbetet med dokumentet ska fungera samt en rollbeskrivning av huvudkonstruktörens uppdrag. Denna rapport redogör för en utvärdering av dessa resultat och hur varje enskild del kan förbättras. Till grund för utvärderingen ligger det juridiska underlaget i boverkets konstruktionsregler, EKS samt synpunkter som framkommit under samtal med personer från de berörda yrkesgrupperna; En byggherre, en förvaltare, en byggnadsinspektör samt en huvudkonstruktör från SWECO structures i Umeå. I rapporten redovisas även ett exempel på hur delar av den framtagna mallen för konstruktionsdokumentation kan användas. / SWECO structures has conducted an investigation in order to clarify the interpretation of new judicial requirements when constructing buildings and to resolve some of the company’s co-ordination problems. The judicial requirements consist of the demand to present a new form of document, a structural design documentation, meant to give a short form description of the conditions for the design, execution of the construction and the behavior of the load bearing structure. The requirements have been hard to interpret and SWECO structures wanted to determine which information is to be presented and how to design the document in a uniform way. Relating to the company’s co-ordination problems SWECO has identified the need for a coordinating head engineer whose specific tasks and responsibilities were meant to be specified. The results of this investigation were a form for the structural design documentation, a flowchart describing the work process and a list of the head engineers’ tasks and responsibilities. This report consists of an evaluation of these results where suggestions on how each individual part, the form, the flowchart and the head engineers’ tasks and responsibilities, can be improved is presented. The results have been evaluated based on how well they meet the judicial requirements and the opinions of people from the relevant fields; one property developer, one property manager, one building inspector and one head engineer from SWECO structures in Umeå. The report also contains an example of how the form for the required document can be used in future projects.

sida 1Sammanfattning:Det här projektet har gåttut på att skapa en slags 3D-miljö över Bodens kommun som man kan använda sig av för olika sakerinom kommunen. Projektetskapades i ArcGis-Pro, skillnaden mellan vanliga ArcGis och Pro är att man kan skapa 3D-miljöer i Pro.Det somjag gjorde var att jag användemig av data från lantmäteriet och kommunen för att först generera varje byggnad i kommunen som kuber. Det som jag gjorde efter var attanvändemig av laserdatanfrån lantmäteriet för att forma byggnaderna och taken på byggnader samt fixa rätt höjd på byggnadernaså att 3D-miljön skulle stämma så bra som möjligt med själva verkligheten.Det är viktigt att höjderna och tak formernastämmer så bra som det går eftersom tanken är att man ska använda 3D-miljön för olika analyser eller att visa hur utsikten kan vara från en nybyggd lägenhet m.m.Vi har hållit oss till en viss kvalitetsnivå i det här projektet som gör att man kan visa höjderna på husen och hur taket ser ut i stort sett. Vi har undvikit att göra detaljer som t.ex. räcken, skorstenar m.m. eftersom det finns ungefär 35000 byggnader i Boden och det hade tagit en så otroligt lång tid att skapa alla byggnader i Boden i detalj. Men för att visa staden på ett rättvist sätt i 3D så räcker det att hålla sig på den nivå som vi har lagt oss på nu i starten.Själva idénför att göra det här projektet hadefunnits i kommunen väldigt länge. Många större kommuner med mer resurser har tidigare skapat 3D-miljöer över vissa områden men det har inte riktigt funnits tid eller kunskap om det här i Boden. När ArcGis-Pro släpptes och när Geosecma började arbeta med att få över sina tillägg till Pro så började man få lite idéer. Jag hade tidigare frågat om det fanns möjlighet att göra ex-jobb och/eller sommarjobba på kommunen efter min praktik var färdig och då satte sig hela Gis-avdelningen ner och pratade om hur man skulle göra. Dem kom fram till att starta det här 3D-projektet som jag kunde arbeta med som ex-jobb och även jobba vidare på under sommaren. Tanken är nu att i framtiden så ska all Gis-information finnas i 3D så att man kan göra fler analyser ochvisa staden i alla olika vinklar.Vi har fått väldigt bra respons från andra delar av kommunen, andra kommuner och olika företag som har sett vad vi håller på med och vad man kan göra med 3D-miljön. Ett exempel är att vi har hjälpt en av planarkitekterna att visa hur ett nytt bostadsområde kan passa in där det just nu inte finns något alls.I sin helhet så har det här varit ett riktigt givande och lärorikt projekt att arbeta på. Eftersom ArcGis-Pro är fortfarande ganska nytt så lär man sig nya saker nästanhela tiden medans man jobbar för att utveckla kommunen som man har bott i hela sitt liv.Efter ex-jobbet är klart så kommer jag fortsätta att jobba vidare på den här 3D-miljön och utveckla den så mycket det går. / This project has consisted ofcreating a 3D-enviroment of Boden that can be used for a lot of different things municipality. The project was created in ArcGis-Pro, the difference between ArcGis and ArcGis-pro is that Pro can be used to create 3D-enviroments. The thing i did was that iused data from Lantmäteriet and the municipality to generate every building in the municipality as individual cubes. Then i used the heightdata to shape the cubes and the roofs of all the different houses. I did this to create a 3D-enviroment that matchedthe town as good as possible.It was very important that the heights and shapes of the roof were correct because we want to use this enviroment to do different kinds of analyzes and tests on the city. Like showing the view from a newly built apartment.Wehave kept the project on a certain ”quality-level” so we can show the different heights and all the shapes of the roofs. We have avoided small details like chimneys, railings and other samll details. Because there is 35000 buildings in the whole municipality we dont want to waste to much time on this. But to show the town in a good and fair way we have atleast kept us on this level.The idea to make this project has been in the municipality for quite a while now. Alot of bigger towns with more resources and people have made certain 3D-models in the past but here in Boden it has not really been time or knowledge to do it. When ArcGis-Pro launched and Geosecma slowly started to work with their add-ons for Pro the people working here started to get some ideas.I asked in the middle of my internship if there was a possibility for me to do my ex-job and/or summerjob in the same place. After that the whole Gis-department sat down and talked about different projects that could be worked with and they came up with this idea. The thought is that we will use all of our Gis-information in a 3D-model in the future to make more and better analyses and show the city in more than one angle.We got alot of great response frpm other authorities, other municipalitys and different companies that have seen what we are doing and what the 3D-enviroment can be used for. A great example is that we have helped one of our architects to show how a new neighborhoos can look and fit in a space where right now there is just nothing at all.All in all so have this been a very educational and fun project. Because ArcGis-Pro is relatively new i still learn new thins almost everyday i work with this program to help develope the town i have spent my whole life in.After the ex-job has ended so will i keep working with this 3D-enviroment to upgrade it as much as possible.

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Lättelement AB is a company that designs and manufactures prefabricated building parts in the form of roofs, walls and joists. Most of the productions is focused on roof elements and this is also what this study focuses on. At present all roof elements are mounted from above, screws are attached to the support through holes in the roof surface layer. Sometimes it can be problematic to install from above and this work must investigate whether it is possible to attach the roof elements from below. The study examines three different variants where the focus is on calculating which shear capacity and tensile you can count on. It is calculated for three different supports and they are wood, thick steel and thin steel rail. The first step is to calculate what capacity you can get with the company standard screws without changing anything in the construction of the element. The second step is to look at other screw models and see what capacity you can get without changing anything in the construction of the element. In the final step, what modifications and which screws are required to be able to handle 15 kN/m in shear and 5 kN/m in tensile. In order to solve this hand calculations according to Eurocode with certain assumptions, as well as proven theory of joints, have been used. Relevant results from the report is that it is not possible to attach screws to the element without modifying it, the reason is that the standard beams are to narrow. With a relatively simple solution in the form of an internal wooden beam and coarser screws one can achieve a characteristic shear- and tensile capacity of 19,2 kN/m and 27,0 kN/m for wooden supports. For a thicker steel support, a characteristic shear- and tensile capacity of 19,2 kN/m and 27 kN/m is achieved. For a thinner steel rail, thinner screws must be used and the characteristic shear and tensile capacity will be 8,4 kN/m and 28,2 kN/m. The conclusion is that it is possible to attach screws to the underside of the element if they are slightly modified, however, it would have to be investigated by testing, to what extent the steel sheet on the underside of the element reinforces the joint, and whether it is practically possible without pre-drilling. / Lättelemet AB  är ett företag som projekterar och tillverkar prefabricerade byggnadsdelar i form av tak, väggar och bjälklag. Största delen av tillverkningen är inriktad mot takelement och det är även vad denna studie inriktar sig mot. För tillfället monteras alla takelement från ovan, skruvar fästs mot upplaget genom håltagningar i takets ytskikt. Ibland kan det vara problematiskt att montera från ovan och detta arbete ska utreda om det är möjligt att fästa takelementen underifrån. I studien undersöks tre olika varianter där fokus ligger på att beräkna vilken skjuvkapacitet och dragkapacitet som går räkna med. Det har beräknats för tre olika upplag och de är trä, tjockt stål samt tunn stålskena. I första steget beräknas vad de standardskruvar som företaget använder klarar av, utan att förändra något i konstruktionen hos elementen. Det andra steget är att titta på andra skruvmodeller och se vad dessa kan medföra för bärfömåga. I ett sista steg ska det utredas vad för modifieringar och vilka skruvar som krävs för att kunna klara 15 kN/m i skjuvning samt 5 kN/m i drag. För att lösa detta har handberäkningar enligt eurokod med vissa antaganden, samt beprövad teori om förband använts. Betydande resultat från rapporten är att det inte är möjligt att fästa i elementen utan att modifiera det då standardbalkar är för smala. Med en relativt enkel lösning i form av en invändig regel och grövre skruvar kan man för ett träupplag uppnå en karakteristisk skjuv- och dragbärförmåga på 19,2 kN/m respektivte 27,0 kN/m. För ett tjockare stålupplag uppnås en karakteristisk skjuv- och dragbärförmåga på 28,8 kN/m respektive 36,0 kN/m. För ett tunnare stålupplag måste tunnare skruvar användas och där ger standardskruvarna en karakteristisk skjuv- och dragbärförmåga på 8,4 kN/m respektive 28,2 kN/m. Slutsatsen är att det är möjligt att fästa i takelementen om dom modifieras en aning, dock skulle det behöva utredas genom provning i vilken utsträckning plåten i elementets underkant förstärker förbandet samt om det är praktiskt möjligt utan att förborra.

Despite the widely recognised importance of the impact that built environment has on health and well-being, the concept of sustainable housing is still regarded largely in terms of environmental sustainability. However, given the urgent need to increase the quantity and sustainability of new homes in the UK, it is essential that the design and delivery of sustainable housing does not neglect health and well-being aspects that are essential for enhancing the quality of life and the development of sustainable communities. This study focuses on the ‘soft’ features of sustainable housing, that is, the non-technological components of housing and neighbourhood design that can affect occupants’ health and well-being as well as their satisfaction with their homes. The research aims to conceptualise and identify these ‘soft’ features of housing design and establish whether the opinions of housing users regarding their importance are aligned with those of the housing providers. Using a case study approach, the study also assesses the extent to which such features are being provided by new housing developments. The research begins with a review of literature of the sustainable housing and healthy housing concepts, which lead to the development of a framework for sustainable housing design with an emphasis on health and well-being. Building on this foundation, three phases of the methodology were developed to address the aims of the research: Firstly, a content analysis of sustainable housing standards is carried out, followed by a survey to ascertain the relative importance that housing stakeholders attach to these ‘soft’ features, and lastly, six housing developments are evaluated with regards to their provision of these features. The findings reveal that housing user preferences are not always aligned with those of housing providers, and indeed, a number of notable differences in opinion are also found between the private sector and social housing providers. Lastly, assessment of the six case studies indicates a low level of provision of such features new housing developments. These findings indicate that a more comprehensive approach is necessary for addressing and providing for the softer features of housing and neighbourhood design.

From the literature survey it is clear that reinforced brickwork pocket type retaining walls are a well established form of construction in the USA, however, only a small number have been built in the UK. This is surprising since coat studies have consistently indicated that pocket type construction la more economical than fair-faced concrete walls. The available and forthcoming design guidance on reinforced brickwork is reviewed. The main aim of this research was to Investigate the structural performance of pocket type walls in relation to the requirement of the Draft Code for Reinforced Masonry. Reported within are the method and results of an experimental research programme. In all six walls and fifteen beams were tested. The parameters examined were brick type, percentage of reinforcement, slenderness and shear span ratio. Flexural failure occurred in all the walls and in the medlum-1ightly reinforced beams whilst only the heavily reinforced beams failed in shear. The experimental results were predicted accurately when analysed using the flexural design equations in the Draft Code. However the Code requirements for shear appear to be unduly conservative. Concurrent with the experimental work a finite element program was developed to analyse pocket type walls. In spite of the many assumptions made in the modelling of material properties there was good agreement between analytical and experimental results. Subsequently a parametric survey was undertaken. The variables selected for examination were slenderness, pocket spacing, panel thickness percentage of reinforcement and arching action in the panels. Both rectangular and flanged sections were investigated. The results indicated that the Draft Code gave good predictions when flexural failure of the stem occurred. But when panel failure developed neither yield line analysis nor arching theory was able to predict collapse. Guidance is given on the sizing of panels. It is concluded that pocket type walls, when designed to the requirements of the Draft Code, perform adequately at serviceability and ultimate design loads for pocket spacings up to 1.0m. Further experimental work is necessary to establish whether the guidance given in the Code is applicable to walls with pocket spacings greater than 1.0m.

This research focuses on developing a Construction Supply Chain Risk Management (CSCRM) framework that can be adapted by developing countries to help construction projects make better use of materials procurement in their organisations, and to improve construction project management by effectively controlling the project to avoid project cost overruns. The research is conducted in Myanmar and all the companies studied, including the case-studies, are operating in Myanmar. The proposed CSCRM framework includes the plan, resources, process and control model part. The model suggests the development of close relationships with various stakeholders of the project for better use of the Risk Management Model. Without a proper CSCRM framework, a construction company in Myanmar can encounter a cost overrun of about three times the estimated total cost. However, the use of the proposed CSCRM framework can minimize the cost overrun by amounts of two times the total project cost. The results of case studies in three construction companies in Myanmar confirm that the proposed model is effective in managing the supply chain of construction projects in Myanmar, with effective mitigation of cost overrun risks and maximization of competitive advantages of the company.

This thesis provides an investigation into the structural behaviour of cold-formed steel zed- and channel-section purlins when subjected to uplift loading in purlin-sheeting systems. In pre-buckling, an analytical model is presented to describe the bending and twisting behaviour of partially restrained zed- and channel-section purlins when subjected to uplift loading. Formulae used to calculate the bending stresses of the roof purlins are derived by using the classical bending theory of thin-walled beams. Detailed comparisons are made between the present model and the simplified model proposed in Eurocode EN1993-1-3. In buckling, a numerical investigation is presented on the buckling behaviour of partially restrained cold formed steel zed- and channel-section purlins when subject to transverse distributed uplift loading. The buckling behaviour of zed- and channel-section purlins of different dimensions subjected to uplift loading under the influence of rotational spring stiffness applied on the middle line of the upper flange is examined. In the post-buckling, nonlinear finite element analysis models are created for the partially restrained cold-formed steel zed- and channel-section purlins subjected to transverse uniformly distributed uplift loading. The analyses are performed by considering both geometric and material nonlinearities, and corresponding design curves of zed- and channel-section purlins are established.