The important positions of the thesis are mainly to understand the transformation in the architecture discipline under the umbrella of globalization and to define the current situation of residential architecture dominated by the new actors of construction sector through the transformation of identity value. In the first part of the study, how the production of residential architecture in Turkey is affected by the new values of capitalist globalization in the 21st century is examined. In order to monitor the development by the reflections of new actors in residential architecture, Istanbul is defined as a domain of the study. The main aim is to read the spatial and socio-cultural changes and developments in terms of residential architecture and to explore how the structure of the city affected by global developments and neo-liberal economic policies has formed. Thus, an inventory is established by the multi-unit housing projects completed in the first decade of the 21st century and the full list is investigated in terms of various kinds of housing supply and the different socio-economic status groups addressed by the projects. After defining the relation of residential architecture with city, the specific contribution of this dissertation is the explication of the role of the marketing industry in the formation of residential architecture through the conception of identity. The effects of marketing strategies on the architectural formation are discussed through selected cases to uncover which attitudes have caused the transformation in the internal values of the residential architecture. Therefore, the discussion on the identity formed by the coercive notions and the personalization of the actors involved in the process provides a basis for analysing the reflections of different disciplines on the architectural formation. This new discussion ground not only identifies the decisiveness of the architectural design in the formation of the end product but also contributes to the probe of the positional existence of the architect.

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The aim of this study is to uncover and discuss the spaces appropriated by graffiti writers and to reveal out the possible resistances involved in the act throughout the writers&amp / #8217 / motivations, characteristics, spaces they produce and all over process they are entering into together with the specifications of graffiti in Turkey. It demands to unfold the possibilities sheltered in everyday practices looking through graffiti and subsequently revealing out possibilities in graffiti looking through everyday life. It sees the urban space as a social product, which is incomplete without the tactics of the inhabitants and redefined as a result of appropriation. It looks through the history of graffiti, graffiti writers, their motivations and descriptions, working mechanism of the act, spaces chosen and their overall relations to power placed upon urban space in regard to its predescribed theoretical framework reaching out an integrated explanation on play/game theory and resistance it describes. It claims graffiti as a game of the juveniles acting in urban space as their playground.

Today, the world is in a continuous process of change, which is conceptualized as globalization. Although the concept is generally related to economy, it affects aspects of human life / i.e. social, cultural, political and so on. The impact of globalization on urban areas requires a special emphasis. Economic development has played a significant role in restructuring the city. Particularly following the 1970s, with the changes in the international economic system, the world has started to transform into a global market and the capital has gained liquidity in this system. Along with the changing system after the industrial restructuring, capital accumulation in developed countries has started to accumulate towards new places. In order to attract capital, the roles of cities are reshaped in the globalization perspective. Globalization led to the formation of the new land uses in order to adapt to the competitive global system, which caused a transformation period of spatial structure. However, these competitive conditions led to unplanned spatial development, especially in the cities of developing countries. This study aims to identify the spatial changes caused by changes in economic conditions, under the impact of globalization and the development process of Maslak, which has been taking place along with the globalization process, and the role of planning system throughout this process in the global city of Istanbul constitute.

ABSTRACT URBAN FISSURE: RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LAND WALLS WITHIN THE URBAN MILIEU OF ISTANBUL Bas B&uuml / t&uuml / ner, Funda Ph.D. Department of City and Regional Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan G&uuml / nay Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Namik Erkal December 2010, 306 pages The major intention of this thesis is to introduce a new concept &ndash / urban fissure- to discuss the positionality and spatiality of city walls within contemporary urban milieus. Besides being an architectural defense structure, covering a considerable amount of land in cities, city walls have always been an important urban component. Land Walls has been a unique example of city walls that have existed for 15 centuries as an untouchable object in a metropolitan city like Istanbul. After the Ottoman Conquest in 1453, Land Walls lost their major defense purpose, and became a part of civilian life. From that time until the mid-20th century they loosely marked the west edge of the city. However, in the second half of the 20th century, with the enormous expansion of Istanbul, Land Walls have remained in the middle of the city. Throughout their history, they have produced a diversity of spaces, uses and traditions. Their unusual structure, and their complex spatiality including spaces adjoining and around them have generated several challenging processes. They have raised uncertainties and sometimes problems not only in spatial terms, but also in regulations and implementations. In this respect, regarding their current positionality and spatiality, this thesis argues Land Walls and walled zone as an urban fissure which is supposed to make them legible within the urban milieu of Istanbul.

This thesis aims to analyse the Istanbul Historical Peninsula city walls under the framework of place-making. This study focuses on proposing a way of looking for the place identity of walls upon the dialect of the times, and the dialogue of physical configurations and cognitive imaginaries. The present wall front is studied and the frequently repeating patterns on this fabric are pointed out throughout the understanding which incorporates both the geographical and spatial imagination. As the identity of places are constituted over the dialectical links between physical setting, activities and meanings, the attempt of the thesis is to inquire the place virtue, to comprehend what city walls propose and which meanings are produced over these city walls. The value and the uniqueness of the city walls which has a defining impact on the place-making process of Historical Peninsula is acknowledged pointing out to the character of the place. Based on the findings of the thesis, collaboration of diverse disciplines is suggested for future projections in order to appreciate the sense of place and to use the knowledge of place-making while the city walls are brought to the design table of the planners.

This thesis attempts to study the architectural and the social changes brought by the multi-story apartment buildings which emerged in the nineteenth century istanbul, in especially Galata-Pera region. A brief introduction to the modernization attempts of the Ottoman Empire, and also to the traditional dwellings and daily life of the Ottoman households before the nineteenth century constitute the first sections of the study. The architectural and the urban developments such as the new building regulations, architectural styles and building types as well as the social and cultural changes that brought new cultural habits and life styles in the modernization period, are also studied in this context. A group of apartments with different plans, size and locations are chosen as a sample so as to point out and discuss the layout of the constituent spaces like the halls, foyers, corridors, substantial rooms and wet spaces. Respectively the changing meaning of the &lsquo / house&rsquo / and daily life are also pointed out. In relation to these, facade organizations, plans, functional and spatial features and the privacy of spaces in the sample apartment buildings and their flats, and the daily life and the privacy of the apartment residents are studied and discussed in comparison to the traditional Ottoman house and the contemporary Parisian apartments to present a comparative perspective. Consequently, &lsquo / similarities&rsquo / , &lsquo / differences&rsquo / , and &lsquo / innovations&rsquo / concerning the nineteenth century istanbul apartments are discussed and listed at the end of the thesis. Several tables which are designed to contribute to the arguments presented in the study are also added to the thesis.

This thesis aims to clarify the issue of local embeddedness with regard to TNCs and to understand the process of TNCs&rsquo / local embeddedness in the Turkish case. In order to reach this aim a methodology is utilized by combination of qualitative and quantitative data analyses in different level analyses. Since, embeddedness is a process that begins locational preferences of TNCs, the first level analyses are concentrated on locational distribution on national and city level analyses. Then, deep&amp / #8208 / interviews are held by TNCs in istanbul to identify other qualitative variables affecting local embeddedness of TNCs. As a conclusion, local embeddedness process of TNCs in Turkey is realized in a slightly different path from developed countries. Some of the deficiencies in Turkey, like strong institutional structure, are the main reasons for these differences. To turn the situation for Turkey&rsquo / s advantage it is essential that required conditions for local embeddedness should be supplied.

This study examined some factors to understand earthquake preparedness behavior. The roles of demoghraphic characteristics of the participants, trait anxiety, the severity of exposure of past earthquake experience, outcome efficacy (perceived effectiveness of preparedness), self efficacy (perceived difficulty of preparedness), impact of past experience (avoidance and intrusion symptom levels of impact of event scale), threat perception, locus of control and four factors of coping strategies (problem focused approach, fatalistic coping, helplessness/self blaming approach and seeking social support) in predicting earthquake preparedness behavior were studied. Data was collected by a questionnaire consisting of three parts. The first part was a socio-demographic information form. The second part of the questionnaire included sets of items designed to examine past earthquake experience, the severity of past earthquake experience, estimations of the severity of a possible future earthquake, probability of occurence of a potential future earthquake, reasons to prepare and responsibility related to preparedness. The third part of the questionnaire consisted of four scales. These scales were Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) to measure coping strategies in stressful situations, Impact of Event Scale (IES) to measure current subjective distress trait part of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure the level of trait anxiety of persons and Revised and Translated Mulilis- Lippa Earthquake Preparedness Scale (MLEPS) to measure the level of earthquake preparedness behavior, perceived difficulty of being prepared and perceived effectiveness of being prepared. Two hundred eighteen adults (120 females and 98 males with an age range of 20 to 67) were participants of the study. There were participants from all 32 districts of istanbul in the sample. Data was collected in two departments of Istanbul Technical University, which were architecture and civil engineering, Psychology Department of Middle East Technical University, High School of KabataS Erkek Lisesi and istanbul Bah&ccedil / elievler Primary School. Participants were parents of students. The regression analysis results revealed that, severity of exposure of past earthquake experience, avoidance, self-efficacy and outcome efficacy were found to be significantly related to earthquake preparedness. Considering significant predictors, the severity of the exposure to past earthquake experience and perceived effectiveness of being prepared increases the level of earthquake preparedness behavior / perceived difficulty of being prepared and avoidance symptom levels of impact of event scale decreases it. As an evidence to Person Relative to Event Model, the results of the current study showed that there is a significant relationship between both perceived effectiveness of being prepared and perceived difficulty of being prepared with the level of earthquake preparedness level. The importance of the results of the current study and their shortcomings were discussed within the earlier findings on disaster preparedness literature.

In Turkey, the only city that currently operates BRT is Istanbul. There are researches that focus on different BRT systems in the world, yet there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the BRT experience in Istanbul. There seems to be an urgent need to study this BRT investment, with a particular focus on planning, operation and ridership characteristics with a comparative approach. This thesis analyses the BRT corridor in Istanbul and answers the question whether Metrob&uuml / s in Istanbul is a success or not. In order to understand the criteria for defining success, planning, operation and ridership characteristics are identified based on the previous literature and particularly the analysis of three best practice cases that currently operate BRT / these are Curitiba, Bogota and Mexico City. The study sets the criteria in planning, operation and ridership of BRT systems drawn by previous studies and answers by people who were involved in these projects. It compares the best practice cases and the Istanbul Metrob&uuml / s / focusing on planning and operation characteristics and using primary indicators of performance and ridership. The study reveals strength and weaknesses of the Istanbul Metrob&uuml / s in comparison to best practice BRT cases in the world. The findings provide lessons both for the future extensions of the BRT in Istanbul and for other cities that may consider implementing this transit technology.