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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

OtimizaÃÃo do processo de prÃ-tratamento do Ãleo de algodÃo para produÃÃo de biodiesel / OtimizaÃÃo of the process of daily pay-treatment of the oil of cotton for production of biodiesel

Regina Claudia Rodrigues dos Santos 26 February 2010 (has links)
A otimizaÃÃo do processo de prÃ-tratamento (refino) do Ãleo bruto de algodÃo, para obtenÃÃo de Ãleo semi-refinado, com aplicabilidade na produÃÃo de biocombustÃveis, à o principal objetivo desse trabalho. Este por sua vez à motivado pela exploraÃÃo de matÃriasprimas menos processadas e de menor custo para produÃÃo do biodiesel. Portanto, o emprego de Ãleo semi-refinado de algodÃo pode vir a contribuir para a reduÃÃo nos custos de produÃÃo do biodiesel. As variÃveis estudadas no prÃ-tratamento do Ãleo bruto de algodÃo foram escolhidas tendo como referencial o processo de refino convencional (refino quÃmico) com soda cÃustica. Os experimentos foram realizados utilizando planejamento experimental e os resultados foram interpretados de acordo com a metodologia de superfÃcie de resposta. As variÃveis estudadas foram: concentraÃÃo e excesso de soda cÃustica (soluÃÃo de NaOH), temperatura inicial e final. As respostas foram avaliadas em funÃÃo de alguns dos mais importantes parÃmetros de qualidade do Ãleo semi-refinado obtido (cor, acidez e teor de sabÃo) e da quantidade do co-produto de refino (borra) produzido. O excesso de soda cÃustica e a temperatura inicial foram Ãs variÃveis que influenciaram de modo mais significativo as respostas analisadas, dentro do alcance experimental estudado. A eficiÃncia na conversÃo a Ãsteres metÃlicos mostrou-se dependente da qualidade (cor, acidez e sabÃo) do Ãleo semirefinado de algodÃo utilizado. A concentraÃÃo do pigmento gossipol que està diretamente relacionado à cor do Ãleo de algodÃo, sugere que o mesmo pode estar influenciando na conversÃo da reaÃÃo de transesterificaÃÃo alcalina, por estar consumindo parte do catalisador. As condiÃÃes Ãtimas determinadas experimentalmente foram: concentraÃÃo e excesso de soda cÃustica 25 % (p/p) e 100 % (p/p), temperatura inicial e final 40ÂC e 60ÂC, respectivamente. Nessas condiÃÃes otimizadas o Ãleo semi-refinado obtido alcanÃou conversÃo de 94 % (p/p) a Ãsteres metÃlicos. Entretanto, o Ãleo obtido nas condiÃÃes otimizadas, por apresentar ainda uma elevada concentraÃÃo de sabÃo, foi submetido à lavagem com Ãgua, o qual reduziu seu teor de sabÃo. Assim, com esse Ãleo lavado/seco, apÃs reaÃÃo de transesterificaÃÃo, alcanÃouse conversÃo de 96% (p/p) em metil-ester. Esse biodiesel, submetido a uma segunda reaÃÃo de transesterificaÃÃo conseguiu-se atingir uma conversÃo mÃxima de 98% (p/p), ficando dentro das especificaÃÃes estabelecidas pela ANP (AgÃncia Nacional de PetrÃleo, GÃs Natural e BiocombustÃveis) / The optimization of the pre-treatment (refining) of crude cottonseed oil, in order to obtain semi-refined oil, its applicability in the production of biofuels is the main objective of this work. This objective is motivated by the investigation of less processed or cheaper raw materials, for instance, semi-refined cotton oil, in order to reduce the cost of biodiesel production. The conditions of pre-treatment studied for the cotton crude oil of were chosen based on the conventional caustic soda refining process (chemical refining). The proposed process of biodiesel production was evaluated and the optimal operating conditions range was identified by application of the factorial design and response surface methodology. The studied variables were concentration and the caustic soda excess (solution NaOH), initial and final temperatures. The responses were evaluated according some of the most important quality parameters of semi-refined oil obtained (color, acidity and content of soap) and the amount of co-product of refining (soapstock) produced. The caustic soda excess and initial temperatures are the variables that most significantly influenced the responses analyzed within the experimental range studied. The efficiency of conversion to methyl esters was dependent on the quality (color, acidity and concentration of soap) in the semi-refined cotton oil used. Gossypol concentration was found to be highly correlated with color cottonseed oil,suggesting that it may influence the conversion in the alkaline transesterification reaction,consuming part of the catalyst. The best result for laboratory-scale reactions was 94% (wt/wt)of ester conversion in optimum conditions, determined experimentally: concentration and caustic soda excess 25 % (wt/wt) and 100 % (wt/wt), initial and final temperatures 40  C and 60  C, respectively. These conditions the optimized semi-refined oil obtained conversion reached 94 % (wt/wt) of esters. However, the oil obtained under the conditions optimized for present a high concentration of soap, was subjected to washing with water, which reduced its content of soap. Then with the oil washed / dry, after transesterification reaction reached 96 % (wt/wt) of ester conversion. This biodiesel was again transesterificated reaching a conversion of 98 % (wt/wt), which, therefore, is within specifications established by the ANP

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