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In the years 2013 and 2014 excavations of soil probes and soil samples were carried out on 14 plots. Areas damaged by water erosion with soil type of chernozem were selected. The results of bulk density and total porosity confirmed the compaction of the soil with the worst results at the foot of the slope and in the subsoil. High values of maximum capillary capacity and low values of minimum air capacity indicate a violation of soil structure. The loess covers in the middle of the slope come into contact with precipitation water and agricultural machinery and change in physical properties occures. The decrease in carbonate content in the loess caused by erosion was found in the middle part of the slope and at the point of accumulation. Humus content, as well as phosphorus and potassium content, is significantly reduced due to erosion in the middle part of the slope. It has been confirmed that water erosion has a negative impact on a variety of soil properties, even in the profile depth, and worsens the conditions for good plant growth.

Diploma thesis was focused on comparison of physical and chemical soil properties and their mineralogical composition. Object of study were -- Haplic Cambisol (Malonty), Haplic Cambisol (Vatín), Haplic Chernozem (Bratčice), Calcaric Chernozem (Velešovice) and Haplic Luvisol (Lesonice). Results showed that the highest minerals content was in Chernozems. Statistically significant differences were found in clay content, nu-trient content, soil reaction and cation exchange capacity in selected soil types.

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This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...

Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...