The scope of this dissertation work is a description of modern methods of reducing exhaust emission in diesel engines. The fundamental part is the application of these methods for diesel engines for off-road use that means for engines that are used in tractors and road machines. The mentioned evidence for the practical utility of the results of this dissertation thesis in practice and their verification on the actual engine are given in the conclusion.

In these days are probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) very often used in food processing industry, such as milk products, cheese and fermented salami production. As well as the food conservation agent. Except of the industry usage of the LAB there are microbiological aspects. Identification of the bacterial species methods based on the isolation and amplification of DNA are very often used last few years. Diploma thesis deal with the bacterial cell of Lactobacillus species lysis and it´s optimalization. At first it was tested the optimal concentration of lysozyme (3mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml) and the exposure times (3, 5 a 10 hours). Another testing was aimed to the use and suitability of washing powder to the bacterial cell of Lactobacillus species lysis. I tested the Amway washing powder optimal concentration (1%, 2%, 3% a 4%). Four of another comercial washing powders were tested too. All these tests were performed at the pure Lactobacillus bacterial culture. To ensure the results I tested the washing powders at the real food matrix (Acidified milk, yogurt mango, yogurt white). All the methods were evaluated at the amplification method PCR with specific primers for the Lactobacillus genus. The DNA isolation was performed with the paramagnetic microsperes P(HEMA-co-GMA) and the amount of the DNA was quantified spectrophotometrically. The PCR products detection was performed with the agarose gel electrophoresis.

In theoretical part of this diploma thesis the basic properties of antioxidants, especially anthocyanins and phenolic compounds are described, as well as the basic features and principles of free radicals formation. The theoretical part also describes some possible ways of encapsulation of antioxidants into polysaccharide and lipid particles. In the experimental part basic characteristics of extracts from selected lyophilized fruits and vegetables (carrots, apples and mixed berries) are described. As group parameters of plant extracts the total antioxidant activity, content of flavonoids and phenolics, carotenoids, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid were determined. In experimental part also various encapsulation techniques were tested, encapsulation effectiveness of each technique was evaluated and the stability and size of the created particles were determined. As the best encapsulation method in terms of encapsulation efficiency in most of samples/parameters ethanol injection was found. On the other hand the particles prepared by ethanol injection are relatively unstable in terms of zeta potential, which is followed by their tendency to aggregate. As the most stable particles prepared by thin layer evaporation (TLE) and reverse phase thin layer evaporation (RP-TLE) were evaluated. Particles prepared by TLE, RP-TLE and chitosan-alginate particles exhibited a negative charge, while particles prepared by ethanol injection stayed uncharged and chitosan particles have a positive charge.

The subject of this thesis is to carry out stress-strain analysis of diesel particulate filter support on tractor. So it describes sequence of steps for the analysis model, such as geometry description, mesh generation, applied forces definition and others. Result of the analysis is assessed in terms of strength and improvement was proposed.

The subject of this master's thesis is the FEM analysis of the construction of the diesel particulate filter support on the tractor Zetor Forterra. The introduction of this thesis is about the theoretical part dealing with the issue of emissions from diesel engines and ways to reduce them. The following part describing the creation of the computational model. Then, the static stress-strain analysis, modal analysis and fatigue analysis are solved in the ANSYS Workbench software. The assessment of the safety of the structure in terms of limit states, that may occur during the operation of the tractor, based on the results of calculations is in the conclusion of the thesis.

The subject of this doctoral thesis is the study of dielectric properties of a binary composite made up of a polymer matrix and metallic filler. Properties of such composites have been extensively examined in the past and they turned out to depend on temperature, frequency and in particular on filler concentration. The objective of this work was first to experimentally establish and second to describe quantitatively the effect of the size of metallic particles on the properties of the composite concerned, yet at the same filler concentration. This study was carried out on the model system ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer – nickel. The acquisition of experimental results required extensive measurements in a wide frequency and temperature interval, as well as a manufacture and preparation of a large set of samples with different concentrations and Ni filler sizes. Measurements were in part carried out at the Centre for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics V of the University of Augsburg (Germany) and, after the installation of a new cryogenic system, at the Department of Physics at FEEC, BUT Brno. Measurements were performed on a number of meters (Alpha-Analyzer of Novocontrol, HP4284A and HP4285A of Hewlett Packard and E4991A of Agilent) in the frequency range 1 Hz – 1 MHz and in the temperature interval 10 K – 300 K. The nickel concentration in systems studied varied from 0 % to 75 % and nickel particles were of a spherical shape with diameters between 35 and 115 m. The measurement results have shown that in the above frequency and temperature window just a single relaxation and a single conductivity mechanism occur. It was also proved that the frequency dependence of complex permittivity is for different Ni particle sizes at the same concentration different. These results have been quantified and a simple mathematical formula based on the Lichtenecker mixture rule has been proposed for their description. The physical origin of the effect of particle size at the same total nickel concentration is sought in different surface areas of internal interfaces between nickel and polymer in the composite

The goal of this project is to inform a reader about compact workflow of creating complex computer animation using 3D modelling and animation software 3ds Max. It guides him through the whole process from creating models, texturing and skinning them, to animation pointed at more difficult parts of the animation process. Beside the practical examples, this paper includes necessary theoretical explanation of particular problems. After reading this paper, the reader should be well acquainted with the compact process of creating the complex animation.

The main aim of this work was to compare the genotoxicity of organic extracts from different size fractions of aerosol particles (1-10 µm, 0,5-1 µm, 0,17-0,5 µm) collected by high volume cascade impactors in various localities of the Czech Republic differing in the extent of the environmental pollution (Březno - strip mine, Dobré Štěstí - highway, Praha - city center, Láz - background station). Genotoxicity was determined in acellular assay of calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) with and without S9 metabolic activation by analysis of DNA adducts induced by extractable organic matter (EOM) from the particulate matter (PM) by 32 P-postlabeling and the ability of extracts to induce oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using the competitive ELISA test. The main finding of this work is that most of the observed genotoxicity is connected with fine particles (<1 µm). The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) in EOMs indicate that fine fractions bound the highest amount of c-PAHs in all sampling sites. This fact might be related to a higher specific surface of this fraction as compared with a course fraction and a higher mass as compared with a condensational fraction. As for aerosol mass, both fine and condensational fractions are effective carriers of c-PAHs. Similarly, the DNA...

On the Presupposition Projection in Czech I understand presupposition as both an implication and a set of requirements which have to be fulfilled by the (passive) context, i.e. a set of realized propositions and logico- semantic relations between them shared by the communicants. The content of presupposition is formed by information which the speaker characterizes as predetermined, i.e. known to the communicants. Presupposition is a semantically narrower notion than implication: every meaning expressed indirectly is implied, but not every implied meaning is presupposed. Contextually bound constituents express a proposition which is included in the active context, i.e. a set of propositions on which the communicants are actively focused. Contextual boundness is a type of presupposition trigger: information included in the active context is a necessary part of the passive context (it doesn't hold true vice versa, of course). Context shared by the communicants can not be incremented by the primary (i.e. directly expressed) proposition of a clause, unless all the presuppositions semantically entailed in the primary proposition are satisfied. Presupposition is satisfied if and only if proposition p which forms a content of the presupposition is part of the (passive) context. In case that the context...

The work describes an air conditioning and circulation system of a clean room environment in of a semiconductor production site. It is based on given requirements for air cleanness, temperature preasure and relative moisture. The first half of the work describes the way the system should work, classification of construction and operation of the site. The second half describes the calculations of the given parameters on which the system is designed. The calculations deal with - Air exchange and maintaining the required parameters - Designing the muti stage air filtration system - Designing the air flow speed, intake and outlet parameters of the air conditiong distribution system - Desingning the air conditioning units and their possitioning in the utility room