This paper concentrates on the role of women in science, specifically in archaeology of past centuries. The women{\crq}s access to education and scientific career had been restricted by then notion of woman{\crq}s proper standing in society {--} educated and independently intellectually active woman didn{\crq}t fit in the required role of the custodian of family hearth, of spouse and mother. So the women interested in science had to overcome various prejudices and obstacles. The introduction of this work briefly informs about traditional women{\crq}s standing in the society and about possibilities of their education in the setting of high schools and universities in the flow of centuries. It presents also a short insight into the history of archaeology as a discipline to show in which stage it was in the time these women worked in it. This paper finds in these women pre-archaeologists three kinds of leading motivations. The first, most typical model, were women influenced by their husbands. Women of the archaeologists often participated on their work either from marital solidarity or of one{\crq}s own interest that survived the spouse{\crq}s death. The second biggest group was formed by the daughters of archaeologists that grew up amongst prehistoric relics and, as kids, attended archaeological research with their fathers. In this group we also find either a short time fascination or lifelong influence. The third group is formed by the women from non-archaeologist families. Some of them familiarized with prehistoric relics through their commercial interests, others, and this group was bigger, displayed purely personal passion for this science. This latter group made friends with important archaeologists of their time and engaged in this trade under their leadership. The last part of the work is formed by the succinct reference on educated professional women archaeologists who followed this pioneers on the area of interest {--} though in fact they don{\crq}t fit into epoch and topic investigated.