The balance of potassium and phosphorus were observed at long-term 17-year field experiments with different fertilizing systems. The field experiments were located at five sites in the Czech Republic (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec and Suchdol) with different soil and climatic conditions. The balances were observed at: treatments with organic fertilization (sewage sludge, FYM), treatments with mineral fertilization (NPK, N, N + straw) and unfertilized control treatment, as well. Two experiments were realized: one with crop rotation (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley) at all mentioned sites and the second was monoculture maize experiment at Červený Újezd and Suchdol sites. The positive balance of phosphorus was at the treatments with sewage sludge (SS) as well as with farmyard manure (FYM) application and at the NPK treatment. The average phosphorus balance ranged between +1.8 and +14.0 kg/ha/year at the treatments NPK, between +7.2 and +21.6 kg/ha/year at treatments with FYM application and between +66.7 and +75.6 kg/ha/year at SS treatments, respectively. The balance of phosphorus with a higher dose of sewage sludge reached +249.6 kg/ha/year. The average negative balance of phosphorus (from -27.5 to -13.4 kg/ha/year) was calculated at the treatments N and N + straw. The balance of control unfertilized treatments ranged between -21.9 and -11.0 kg/ha/year. The average positive balance of potassium in the experiment with crop rotation was estimated at all of FYM treatments. The balance reached the values from +2.3 to +30.1 kg/ha/year. On the contrary, the balance at FYM treatment in experiment with maize monoculture was negative (-15.2 kg K/ha/year). The balance of potassium in experiment with crop rotation ranged between -9.5 and 33.2 kg/ha/year at the NPK treatments. Similar values were obtained in the experiment with monoculture, where the balance at the NPK treatment reached +32.1 kg K/ha/year. The negative balance of potassium (between -69.2 and -8.9 kg/ha/year) was obtained at treatments with sewage sludge application. The most negative balances were calculated at N and N+straw treatments (-104 to -55.0 kg/ha/year) and as expected at Control (-73.2 to -43.6 kg K/ha/year). The bioavailable soil phosphorus and potassium contents changes were in most cases in close relation with balances calculated. Soil variability in observed soil factors was found in the plots and confirms the assumption that the system of fertilization affects crop yields.

The thesis deals with the evaluation of suggestions and the possible optimization of conventional farm in south Moravia. The company farms on 1589 ha of agricultural land, of which approximately 320 ha is permanent grassland. The company operates a crop and animal production, accompanied by biogas production of agro pellets and producing your own compost. Based on data from the years 2013 to 2015, was made an assessment of this period through appropriate agronomic, economic and social sustain-able development indicators. Possible strategies for the optimization are based on the results, which were presented and discussed. The received data present company as a system of well-chosen cropping structure, good profitability and a balance of organic matter, but the uneven balance of available nutrients and lack of care about soil pH. At the end of the thesis is made verbal evaluation, which is designed as possible strategies to optimize production, with regard to sustainability.

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This thesis deals with the influence of the rootstock variety on the new PIWI variety Savilon. The history of the rootstock is explained in the introduction where is also described the rootstock vineyard. It is explained here how the cuttings earmarked for grafting are acquired. This work also describes the general properties of the examined rootstocks, their sensitivity to the active lime content and their soil requirements. Part of the work also deals with physiological properties between graft and rootstock. In the theoretical part there are described the most important grapevine acids, sugars, assimilable nitrogen, micro and macro elements affecting its growth. In the practical part of the thesis, the obtained and measured values from the performed experiments are analyzed and statistically evaluated. From the measured values, Savilon found the best qualitative and quantitative results on the Fercal and Paulsen 1103 rootstocks. Furthermore, it is recommended to grow this variety on Kober 125 AA, Kober 5 BB and SO4 rootstocks. Savilon is not recommended to grow on the Börner rootstock.

The aim of this thesis is to reflect the current situation of using foliar nutrition of field crops and evaluate the consumption data of foliar-aplied nutrients. Monitoring of the use of foliar nutrition was carried out at the turn of the year 2015/2016 in 133 companies with plant production in the region Haná, specifically in districts Prostějov, Vyškov, Kroměříž, Olomouc and Přerov. Five main crops (winter wheat, spring barley, winter rape, corn and sugar beet), which cover approximately 85 % of arable soil in Haná, were the subject of the survey. The obtained data on the used preparations from individual companies were evaluated for individual districts and on the basis of corresponding acreage there was assessed the consumption of elements applied by foliar nutrition in a given area. More than 65 types of foliar-applied fertilizers were used in the monitored region. The most commonly used preparations for foliar nutrition are urea and bitter salt, next many of preparations from the serie Campofort made by AGRA GROUP a.s., which create total 54 % of all used foliar fertilizers in the monitored area. The highest average frequency of foliar nutrition inputs was registred in the rape (2,2) and the lowest in the corn (0,2). The consumption of individual macroelements in the monitored area was largest by nitrogen approx 1,2 kg/ha, next by sulfur 0,53 kg/ha, magnesium 0,36 kg/ha, potassium 0,1 kg/ha and phosphorus 0,06 kg/ha. For microelements, boron dominated in amount of 80 g/ha, next zinc 20 g /ha and manganese 11 g/ha. From the consumption results of foliar-aplied nutritions it is clear that the potential of using foliar fertilizers has not been fully applied yet.

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