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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Relationship between Na+/K+ -ATPase activity and α-subunit gene expression during the smoltification in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Bergqvist, Jonas January 2008 (has links)
<p>During the smoltification the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) develop different adaptations to survive in oceanic environment. One of the most important adaptations is the ability to excrete the surplus of salt through the gills. The excretion is controlled by an enzyme called Na+/K+-ATPase which is produced in an α-subunit by two gene isoforms called α1a and α1b. Enzyme activity is increasing during the smoltification process and is a strong indicator for that the process is taking place. The aim of this study was to investigate a landlocked strain of Atlantic salmon and see how the enzyme activity is developing in comparison with the gene expression of the mRNA that is coded for the enzyme. The study was carried out between March and May in the hatchery in Brattfors, Värmland. Fish were sampled at four occasions. The enzyme activity was compared between two groups of salmon where one group had full ration of food, 100% and the other group had a 15% food ration. The enzyme activity for the 100% group was then compared with the gene expression from the same group. The hypothesis was that food availability should effect smoltification and that the 15% group would have a faster increase in activity compared with the 100% group. There should also be some correlation between enzyme activity and gene expression. Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity showed no major differences between the groups except for a significant difference at the last sampling. Both groups had a large increase in activity from the second to the third sampling with a peak on 3.16 µmol ADP/mg/h at most. This was followed by a drop in activity at the last sampling date. The gene expression showed a fast increase of the α1b gene over the study with drop in the last sampling and the α1a gene had a constant increase from the first to the last sampling. The comparison with enzyme activity and gene expression showed a weak correlation. Compared with studies done on anadromous salmon and the land locked salmon in this study had a different development in gene expression. This could be explained that the different life strategies play an important role how the genes are expressed.</p> / <p>Under smoltifieringen utvecklar atlantlaxen (Salmo salar) olika anpassningar för att överleva i havsmiljö. En av de vikigaste anpassningarna är att utsöndra överskott av salt via gällarna. Exkretionen är kontrollerad av ett enzym som heter Na+/K+-ATPas som produceras i en α-subenhet av två isoformer av gener som heter α1a och α1b. Enzym aktiviteten ökar under smoltifieringen och är en stark indikator på att processen sker. Målet med denna studie var att undersöka en sjövandrande stam av atlantlax och se hur enzymaktiviteten utvecklas i jämförelse med gen expressionen av mRNA som kodar för produktionen av enzymet. Studien genomfördes vid fiskodlingen i Brattfors, Värmland där prover togs vid fyra tillfällen. Enzymaktiviteten jämfördes mellan två grupper av lax där en grupp fick full matranson 100 % och en grupp fick 15 % matranson. Senare jämfördes enzymaktiviteten för 100 % gruppen med gen expressionen inom samma grupp. Hypotesen var att tillgängligheten på mat skulle påverka smoltifieringen och att 15 % gruppen skulle ha en snabbare ökning i jämförelse med 100 % gruppen. Det skulle också vara en viss korrelation mellan enzymaktivitet och gen expression. Na+/K+-ATPas enzym aktiviteten visade inga större skillnader mellan grupperna förutom vid sista provtagningen. Båda grupperna hade en stor ökning från den andra till den tredje provtagningen med den högsta aktiviteten på 3.16 µmol ADP/mg/h. Detta följdes av ett fall i aktivitet vid sista provtagningen. Gen expressionen visade en snabb ökning av α1b genen över studien med en nedgång vid sista provtagningen och α1a hade en konstant men mindre ökning från första till sista provtagningen. Jämförelsen mellan enzymaktivitet och gen expression visade på en svag korrelation. Det fanns en skillnad i gen expression mellan studier gjorda på anadrom lax och sjövandrande lax i denna studie. Detta kan förklaras av att de olika livsstrategierna spelar en betydande roll i hur generna uttrycks.</p>
2

Relationship between Na+/K+ -ATPase activity and α-subunit gene expression during the smoltification in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Bergqvist, Jonas January 2008 (has links)
During the smoltification the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) develop different adaptations to survive in oceanic environment. One of the most important adaptations is the ability to excrete the surplus of salt through the gills. The excretion is controlled by an enzyme called Na+/K+-ATPase which is produced in an α-subunit by two gene isoforms called α1a and α1b. Enzyme activity is increasing during the smoltification process and is a strong indicator for that the process is taking place. The aim of this study was to investigate a landlocked strain of Atlantic salmon and see how the enzyme activity is developing in comparison with the gene expression of the mRNA that is coded for the enzyme. The study was carried out between March and May in the hatchery in Brattfors, Värmland. Fish were sampled at four occasions. The enzyme activity was compared between two groups of salmon where one group had full ration of food, 100% and the other group had a 15% food ration. The enzyme activity for the 100% group was then compared with the gene expression from the same group. The hypothesis was that food availability should effect smoltification and that the 15% group would have a faster increase in activity compared with the 100% group. There should also be some correlation between enzyme activity and gene expression. Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity showed no major differences between the groups except for a significant difference at the last sampling. Both groups had a large increase in activity from the second to the third sampling with a peak on 3.16 µmol ADP/mg/h at most. This was followed by a drop in activity at the last sampling date. The gene expression showed a fast increase of the α1b gene over the study with drop in the last sampling and the α1a gene had a constant increase from the first to the last sampling. The comparison with enzyme activity and gene expression showed a weak correlation. Compared with studies done on anadromous salmon and the land locked salmon in this study had a different development in gene expression. This could be explained that the different life strategies play an important role how the genes are expressed. / Under smoltifieringen utvecklar atlantlaxen (Salmo salar) olika anpassningar för att överleva i havsmiljö. En av de vikigaste anpassningarna är att utsöndra överskott av salt via gällarna. Exkretionen är kontrollerad av ett enzym som heter Na+/K+-ATPas som produceras i en α-subenhet av två isoformer av gener som heter α1a och α1b. Enzym aktiviteten ökar under smoltifieringen och är en stark indikator på att processen sker. Målet med denna studie var att undersöka en sjövandrande stam av atlantlax och se hur enzymaktiviteten utvecklas i jämförelse med gen expressionen av mRNA som kodar för produktionen av enzymet. Studien genomfördes vid fiskodlingen i Brattfors, Värmland där prover togs vid fyra tillfällen. Enzymaktiviteten jämfördes mellan två grupper av lax där en grupp fick full matranson 100 % och en grupp fick 15 % matranson. Senare jämfördes enzymaktiviteten för 100 % gruppen med gen expressionen inom samma grupp. Hypotesen var att tillgängligheten på mat skulle påverka smoltifieringen och att 15 % gruppen skulle ha en snabbare ökning i jämförelse med 100 % gruppen. Det skulle också vara en viss korrelation mellan enzymaktivitet och gen expression. Na+/K+-ATPas enzym aktiviteten visade inga större skillnader mellan grupperna förutom vid sista provtagningen. Båda grupperna hade en stor ökning från den andra till den tredje provtagningen med den högsta aktiviteten på 3.16 µmol ADP/mg/h. Detta följdes av ett fall i aktivitet vid sista provtagningen. Gen expressionen visade en snabb ökning av α1b genen över studien med en nedgång vid sista provtagningen och α1a hade en konstant men mindre ökning från första till sista provtagningen. Jämförelsen mellan enzymaktivitet och gen expression visade på en svag korrelation. Det fanns en skillnad i gen expression mellan studier gjorda på anadrom lax och sjövandrande lax i denna studie. Detta kan förklaras av att de olika livsstrategierna spelar en betydande roll i hur generna uttrycks.

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