Global ETD Search

1	Inhalation Toxicity of (1→3)-β-D-Glucan: Recent Advances Fogelmark, Birgitts, Sjöstrand, Margarets, Williams, David, Rylander, Ragnar 01 December 1997 (has links) To investigate the effects of (1→3)-β-D-glucan after inhalation, animals were exposed to different forms of glucan and the number of lung lavage cells was determined 24 h after exposure. None of the different forms assayed caused any increase in cell numbers. In animals exposed to endotoxin, all types of cells were increased after 24 h. A simultaneous exposure to curdlan reduced this increase in a dose-related fashion. The results suggest that (1→3)-β-D-glucan-related acute injury to the lung is induced by mechanisms other than those induced by inflammagenic agents such as endotoxin. (1→3)-β-D-glucan animal exposure endotoxin Surgery
2	Identification of (1→6)-β-D-Glucan as the Major Carbohydrate Component of the Malassezia Sympodialis Cell Wall Kruppa, Michael D., Lowman, Douglas W., Chen, Yu H., Selander, Christine, Scheynius, Annika, Monteiro, Mario A., Williams, David L. 14 December 2009 (has links) Members of the genus Malassezia are commensal fungi found on the skin of both human and domestic animals and are associated with skin diseases including dandruff/seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, and atopic eczema (AE) in humans. In this study we have characterized the cell-wall carbohydrates of Malassezia sympodialis, one of the species most frequently isolated from both AE patients and healthy individuals. Cells were grown in liquid Dixon media at 32 °C, harvested, and processed using a standard Fehling's precipitation methodology for the isolation of mannan and a standard base/acid extraction for (1→3)-β-d-glucans. Using these classic extraction methods we were unable to isolate precipitable mannan or insoluble (1→3)-β-d-glucan. However, acidification and addition of methanol to the remaining Fehling's-treated sample resulted in a very clean precipitate. This material was characterized by GPC-MALLS, 1D and 2D NMR, and GC-MS for monomer-type and linkage-type composition. We determined that trace amounts of both mannan and branched (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucan were present in the recovered precipitate, but not linear (1→3)-β-d-glucan. Surprisingly, NMR analysis indicated that (1→6)-β-d-glucan was the major carbohydrate component isolated from M. sympodialis cell wall. GC-MS linkage analysis confirmed the (1→6)-β-d-glucan structure. Based on these studies we have determined that the M. sympodialis cell wall contains (1→6)-β-d-glucan as the major carbohydrate component along with trace amounts of mannan and (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucan. In addition, these data indicate that modification of the classic mannan isolation methodology may be useful in the simultaneous isolation of both mannan and (1→6)-β-d-glucan from other fungi. (1→6)-β-d-Glucan carbohydrate extraction malassezia sympodialis cell wall Biomedical Sciences Surgery
3	The Glycemic Response Elicited by Oat β-glucan Solutions and Hard Gel Varying in Physiochemical Properties and Food Form Kwong, Melissa Gaa-Yee 19 March 2013 (has links) The ability of the soluble fibre (1->3)(1->4)-β-D-glucan to attenuate postprandial glycemic responses depends on its viscosity which, in turn, depends on molecular weight (MW) and dose. However, the effect of altering viscosity by changing solution volume is unknown. Furthermore, β-glucan solutions may form hard gels when left to age, but the effect of these gels on glycemic responses is unknown. Therefore, the effects of varying the MW and volume of β-glucan solutions and hard gels, on glycemic responses were determined. The results showed that glycemic responses were reduced by increasing viscosity by increasing MW but not by reducing solution volume. Although β-glucan gels reduced the rate of glucose diffusion in vitro, they had no effect on glycemic responses in vivo. Thus, changing solution viscosity through changes in volume does not alter the effect of β-glucan on glycemic response, and β-glucan gels are ineffective at attenuating in vivo glycemic responses. Nutritional Sciences Food Chemistry Cereal Chemistry Glycemic Response Beta-D-Glucan Viscous Soluble Fibre β-D-Glucan Food Hydrocolloids Molecular Weight Solution Volume Food Gels Glycemic Control β-Glucan Oats Oat Fibre Dietary Fibre Human Nutrition Cereal Sciences Food Science Glycemic Index 0570 0359 0566
4	The Glycemic Response Elicited by Oat β-glucan Solutions and Hard Gel Varying in Physiochemical Properties and Food Form Kwong, Melissa Gaa-Yee 19 March 2013 (has links) The ability of the soluble fibre (1->3)(1->4)-β-D-glucan to attenuate postprandial glycemic responses depends on its viscosity which, in turn, depends on molecular weight (MW) and dose. However, the effect of altering viscosity by changing solution volume is unknown. Furthermore, β-glucan solutions may form hard gels when left to age, but the effect of these gels on glycemic responses is unknown. Therefore, the effects of varying the MW and volume of β-glucan solutions and hard gels, on glycemic responses were determined. The results showed that glycemic responses were reduced by increasing viscosity by increasing MW but not by reducing solution volume. Although β-glucan gels reduced the rate of glucose diffusion in vitro, they had no effect on glycemic responses in vivo. Thus, changing solution viscosity through changes in volume does not alter the effect of β-glucan on glycemic response, and β-glucan gels are ineffective at attenuating in vivo glycemic responses. Nutritional Sciences Food Chemistry Cereal Chemistry Glycemic Response Beta-D-Glucan Viscous Soluble Fibre β-D-Glucan Food Hydrocolloids Molecular Weight Solution Volume Food Gels Glycemic Control β-Glucan Oats Oat Fibre Dietary Fibre Human Nutrition Cereal Sciences Food Science Glycemic Index 0570 0359 0566

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