La réduction de la consommation énergétique dans le secteur de bâtiments présente aujourd’hui une priorité primordiale dans les politiques des pays industrialisés. En France, le secteur du bâtiment consomme environ 43 % de l’énergie finale et contribue pour près d’un quart aux émissions nationales de gaz à effet de serre [ADEME]. Il se positionne comme un acteur clé pour parvenir à résoudre les inquiétants défis environnementaux auxquels nous devons faire face. Face à ces véritables défis, l’augmentation des niveaux d’exigence des réglementations thermiques s’est poursuivie et intensifiée pendant les 40 dernières années, jusqu’à la naissance de la réglementation thermique 2012, qui a permis de construire des bâtiments basse consommation (BBC) qui équivaut à 50 kWh/m².an. Cette nouvelle réglementation plus exigeante constitue une incitation forte à l'innovation des matériaux, produits et systèmes d'enveloppe. Dans ces conditions, l’amélioration des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction aura des retombées économiques et environnementales conséquentes. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail a été mené. Il vise à étudier et à améliorer les performances des produits de l’entreprise Briqueteries du Nord (BdN). Il est réparti sur deux axes principaux : le premier consiste à l’étude de l’inertie thermique et du pouvoir hygroscopique des briques en terre crue. Le second axe vise à élaborer des solutions possibles concernant l’amélioration de la résistance thermique des briques en terre cuite. Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé au laboratoire de l’Ecole Centrale de Lille avec une étroite collaboration avec l’université d’Artois et l’entreprise (BdN) / Nowadays, the reduction of energy consumption in buildings industry represents a major issue in industrialized countries’ policies. In France, the building sector consumes about 43% of final energy and accounts for nearly a quarter of the national emissions of greenhouse gas emissions [ADEME]. It is considered as a key factor to overcome the environmental challenges we have to face.In front of these significant challenges, the thermal regulations requirements were seriously intensified during the last 40 years until the notification of the thermal regulation 2012. This latter enable the construction of low energy buildings (BBC) whose consumption is equivalent to 50 kWh/m² per year on average. This new regulation provides a strong incentive for innovation of materials, products and envelope systems. Under these conditions, improving hygrothermal performance of building materials will allow a substantial economic and environmental benefits. This work was conducted in this context. It aims to study and improve the performance of the company Briqueteries du Nord (BdN) products. It is divided in two main axis: the first consists on studying the thermal inertia and hygroscopic capacity of unfired clay bricks. However, the second axis aims to develop possible solutions for improving the thermal resistance of fired clay bricks. This research was conducted in the laboratory of the Ecole Centrale de Lille with close collaboration with the University of Artois and the BdN company

Cette recherche propose des méthodes d’amélioration de résistance et d’évaluation du comportement de murs en maçonnerie confinée construits en briques solides d’argile cuite. Ces éléments sont largement utilisés dans la construction des bâtiments à l’État du Guerrero (Mexique) lesquels doivent résister charges séismiques importantes. Ainsi, un programme expérimental a été développé pour évaluer les propriétés mécaniques des briques et de la maçonnerie, qui sont nécessaires dans la conception et analyse des constructions. Pour augmenter la résistance de la maçonnerie et compenser la variabilité de la résistance à la compression des briques, un mortier à haute résistance et un renfort métallique dans les joints ont été utilisés. Certaines propriétés mécaniques sont égales à celles communément citées, cependant, les autres ont des valeurs deux fois plus grandes. Dans cette région du pays, les trois premiers tests de murs à échelle réelle construits en briques solides d’argile cuite ont été réalisés sous charge latérale alternée afin d'évaluer son comportement. Un renfort métallique et une couche du mortier ont été placés dans les surfaces de deux murs. Ceux-ci ont présenté un bon comportement et le renfort a eu un comportement structural adéquat. Avec les données expérimentales, plusieurs modèles numériques de panneaux et de murs ont été mis au point afin de reproduire l'enveloppe de résistance et le mode de défaillance. Ces modèles ont également évalué l'influence des propriétés mécaniques des briques et des joints sur le comportement global des spécimens. Aussi, un renfort métallique a été placé à l’intérieure des joints dans deux modèles. D'un autre côté, à partir de résultats expérimentaux obtenus et cités, une loi de comportement de la maçonnerie a été définie pour construire un modèle simple qui donne des résultats concordants à la fois avec les résultats expérimentaux et ceux obtenus par la méthode des éléments finis. Finalement, deux modèles simplifiés ont été proposés afin d’évaluer la résistance de murs en maçonnerie en supposant que le plan de rupture est suivant la diagonale du mur. L'un suppose la rupture de la maçonnerie par effet de cisaillement tandis que l'autre suppose la rupture par effet de tension induite. Le ratio entre résistance théorique et résistance expérimentale a été acceptable pour 27 murs faits de matériaux différents et testés sous différents types de chargement où le ratio hauteur sur longueur varie entre 0,7 et 1,26 / This research work proposes methods to rises the resistance and to evaluate the behavior of confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks. These elements are widely used in Guerrero State (México) to build masonry structures, which should resist high lateral loads because of the serious seismic hazard. Therefore, a large experimental program to evaluate the mechanical properties of bricks and masonry currently required in the design process and masonry analysis was developed. To rises the masonry resistance and to counteract the influence of the compressive strength of the pieces on the masonry behavior, a high compressive strength mortar and a metallic reinforcement inside the joints were used. With respect to referenced values of the mechanical properties, some were similar and others were twice bigger. In this country zone, the first three tests under lateral load on full-scale confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks were carried out in order to evaluate its behavior. A reinforcement composed by metallic hexagonal mesh-mortar coat was placed on the faces of two walls to rise or to restore the resistance. The walls showed good behavior and the reinforcement had adequate structural efficiency. Numerical models of panels and walls built by using the experimental data evaluated the envelope resistance, the failure mode and showed the influence of the mechanical properties of the pieces and joints on the global behavior. Two models had metallic reinforcement inside the joints. In addition, a constitutive law of the masonry defined from experimental results allowed to elaborate a simple model, which results were concordant with respect to the experimental results and similar to those calculated by complex models. Finally, two simplified models to evaluate the resistance of confined masonry walls by considering the failure plane on the wall diagonal were developed. One supposes the masonry failure by shear effect and the other supposes the masonry failure by induced tension. The ratio theoretical resistance vs. experimental resistance was adequate for walls built from different materials and tested under different loads, which had ratio Height/Length ranging from 0.74 to 1.26

The diploma thesis deals with elaboration of design documentation for the new building of the kindergarten. The building is divided into two parts. In the first part, two separate classes are designed, each with a capacity of 24 children, there are also teacher’s facilities, a logopedic counseling, and office. In the second part of the building there are classrooms for external activities. In the first part of the building, the kitchen is designed for the needs of the kindergarten. The building has two aboveground floors and a basement. Load-bearing walls are designed from SENDWIX, lime-cement bricks. Thermal insulation on walls above ground floor are a mineral wool and underground floor walls, as well as the plinth are insulated by extruded polystyrene XPS. The floors are made of pre-stressed concrete floor panels SPIROLL. The building has two types of roof: flat green roof and flat roof with stone aggregates. The drawing documentation necessary for the realization of the kindergarten is processed including five structural details. The drawing part was processed in the AutoCAD computer program. Part of the work is fire, acoustic, thermal-technical solution and daylighting.

The subject of this thesis is the process of building technical part of the design documentation for the realization of a newly-built restaurant and facilities for Czech fishing union in the village Lačnov. The building consists of two objects interconnected by a connecting neck. The ground floor of the building with a flat roof is used as a restaurant. The restaurant is wheelchair accessible. Public entrance is from the southern side. The entrance for the staff and the supply will be from the east side. Facilities for staff and technical facilities there is in the northern part of the building. On the second floor there is an office, a meeting room and a training room for the Czech fishing union. In the second object with a gabled roof is an apartment for a fishing man and a shop with small fishing equipment. There is also a showers and toilets for the disabled. The technical background is situated in the attic. The house is based on strips foudations. Vertical loadbearing structures above ground are made of Porotherm system, external walls of the basement are made of prefabricated concrete shuttering blocks. Horizontal structures are designed as a monolithic reinforced concrete slab. Building is insulated. Part of the external wall finish are made of silicone plaster and part of it consists of ventilated facade with timber cladding.

This master´s thesis deals with the issue of the building from a clay. It is focused on defects and rehabilitations of these constructions. The introductory parts concerns with probable defects especially of clay buildings, furthermore with causes of the creation of defects, its depictions and the relevance. In the following part the methods of rehabilitation not only of clay buildings are presented. In this part the rehabilitative methods of foundation, vertical and wood constructions, which create mainly the structural support of the buildings, are described. In the second part, the structural and technical research of the current structure with farm part – barn is executed. The part of research is creation of the drawing documentation, description of disposition and structural and constructional solution of building, structural calculation of a part of construction, assessment of actual state of structure and prospective plan of proceeding and rehabilitation.

The Subject of this diploma thesis is design documentation of Relax sports facility with accommodation in Suchdol and Odrou. Mixed-use building is three-storeyed with partial basement. Roofing is flat single-skinned roof over the entire building. From the material point of view, the basement is made from lost formwork, all aboveground floors are bricked from ceramic blocks. The facade is designed as ventilated. Ceilings will be made from cast-in-place reinforced slabs and the sports ground will be covered with glued lamellar beams. The basement part of the building is relaxing - there are various types of saunas, cooler, whirlpool and massage room. On the first floor there is a restaurant with backgrounds and kitchen, a café, and sports activities in the form of badminton, squash and gym. Two more floors are used mainly to accommodate guests in the hotel. All operations are functionally connected by the reception hall.

The dissertation Pension for recreation is composed in a form of project documentation which comprises all the reguisites required by current regulations. The designed Pension is placed on the site numbered 947 in Kardašova Řečice. In this three-storey building,there is 19 housing units, sauna , restaurant and gym. Constructional system is projected from lime-sand bricks, prestressed concrete ceiling panels, wooden girder trusses. External surface finish of the building is contact thermal insulation system.

Subject of this Master thesis is project of new building Home for the Elderly. Object has 3 overgrounds floors. Part of the object has a cellar. There is also restaurant which is covered green roof. Another parts of objects are covered by flat roof. Home for the Elderly is well connected with nature. Capacity of the home is 26 seniors. Most apartments are for singles.

The topic of the thesis is the design of new residential building in Horni Loucky. The aim is to develop detailed documentation for construction. The work includes studies, drawings, text and part of the calculation. It is a detached residential building with ground plan dimensions of approximately 13.5 x 16,75 m. The building has 4 floors and a flat roof. The building is made of sand-lime bricks, ceilings are monolithic reinforced concrete. Roofing is made up of single shell flat roof. The building is located on undeveloped land in housing estates on flat terrain. Residential building contains 5 apartments, one of which is completely wheelchair and one workshop (eg hairdressing). At the building will be constructed parking area for the residents of the apartment building and premises.

The thesis BIKEZONE.cz - bike shop with residential units is processed in the form of project dokumenmtace containing all the elements in accordance with applicable regulations. The proposed facility is on a plot number 182/1, Prague. The building has four floors. There are vending establishment with administrative facilities and three deluxe units. The structural system is made of limestone blocks, prestressed concrete ceiling panels, flat green roof with extensive cultivation and vertical gardens on the facade.