Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020 / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-40). / Recently the South Korean government announced its comprehensive measure to revitalize the indirect real estate investment market, especially to expand the public offering market to be ten times larger than its current state. The measure can be interpreted as a change of state in the Korean real estate market and an acknowledgment of its need for the vital role of indirect real estate investments. As a low-interest environment continues and the amount of floating money increases, real estate speculation has never been more of an issue, which cannot be solved without changing the investment paradigm. Vitalization of the indirect real estate market can provide individuals alternative ways to invest their money in real estate and redistribute profits generated from real estate investments that are currently driven by few institutional investors. This thesis aims to study the overall indirect real estate investment market in Korea focused on two main vehicles, Real Estate Investment Trusts and Real Estate Funds. The two vehicles will be studied in depth on their history, current market status, behaviors and characteristics to analyze their roles in the market. Analysis will be done on indirect real estate investment vehicles in comparable countries to take away lessons learned and find areas for possible market improvements. Data will be collected from various literatures, journals, statistics from fund assessment companies and investment associations to attempt to find inefficiencies that can be improved in the market. / by Cho Hae Park. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020 / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-94). / Permitting and executing large scale real estate developments in Boston, Massachusetts is difficult. The process is time and capital intensive due to the nature of an outdated zoning code that exists to induce project-by-project negotiation with the central permitting authority, the Boston Planning and Development Agency ("BPDA"). Critics of the BPDA and Boston's zoning system contend that the city's zoning practices favor developers and investors at the expense of thoughtful neighborhood building and public benefits. In light of this argument, this paper analyzes the public benefits secured by the city at Seaport Square and compares them against the estimated public benefits produced by the highly prescriptive zoning code of Seattle, Washington. The analysis begins with a general comparison of prescriptive versus negotiated zoning frameworks before more specifically comparing the respective systems in Seattle (highly prescriptive) and Boston (highly negotiated). It then provides a narrative overview of the Seaport Square zoning and permitting process to date to provide context around the public-private negotiation, itemize public benefits secured, and illustrate the mechanics of how those benefits are delivered. After evaluating the actual public benefits generated in Boston, the application of zoning regulations of an analogous neighborhood in Seattle is used to estimate public benefit outputs of Seaport Square under a legislatively prescribed zoning environment. Finally, it assesses common arguments against Boston's current zoning framework and discusses potential implications of a shift toward a more predictable, prescriptive system. / by Patrick Downey. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020 / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42). / This thesis examines the potential for reinventing an existing asset class -- limited service hospitality properties -- as new workforce housing properties. Due to the cyclical demand profile, modest price points, and relatively fragmented ownership of limited service hotels in the United States, these properties often escape the attention of highly sophisticated investors and developers. Furthermore, as relatively low margin businesses, many of the properties are visually unappealing and have significant deferred maintenance needs. Coupled with this dynamic is the fact that the United States is facing a nationwide housing crisis and suffers from a structural shortage of affordably priced housing alternatives. This thesis examines the economics of limited-service hospitality assets; the growth of workforce housing as a residential asset class; and the potential for redeveloping legacy hospitality properties into new workforce housing. In order to supplement the aforementioned macro and secular analyses, this thesis also includes a case study of the redevelopment of an antiquated motel in Oceanside, California. / by Eric DeWees. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020 / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-53). / The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 has largely impacted the global economy by changing every aspect of our living environment with limited social and economic activities throughout 2020. This unprecedented economic downfall exposed real estate properties to high risk of default, pushing the CMBS loans delinquency rate to 10.32% in June 2020. As such an economic halt is likely to prevail, it is expected that the Commercial Real Estate (CRE) market would experience more distress in terms of debt service. Thus, it is imperative to overview the CMBS securitization process, the servicing structure, and the workout scenarios in case of loan default in order to understand the complexity of the CMBS structure and better prepare appropriate measures or strategies in response to current market landscape. By having a case study on 666 Fifth Avenue in New York, this paper will analyze one of the most high-profile properties that was transferred to special servicing to review strategies to resolve financial distress. / by Joon Keun Chang. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020 / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 164-169). / In the 1950s, Baltimore had reached its peak. The city's geographic location allowed it to thrive during the industrial age as a manufacturing and logistics hub for the United States. Since then, economic downturns, profound racial issues, dysfunctional leadership, and an urban exodus to the suburbs has left Baltimore struggling through a downward spiral. This thesis aims to validate and propose a solution for catalyzing the revitalization of Baltimore by leveraging strategic partnership and real estate development as a tool for change in the city. The thesis is comprised of four distinct sections. Section I provides a historical overview of the events and circumstances that shaped Baltimore. Section II presents a series of economic trends and forces that shape the development strategy for the city, which utilizes the biomedical research activity at Johns Hopkins to design and program effective urban centers. Section III proposes a pilot development project that makes an immediate impact on the East Baltimore community while supporting the growth of the biotechnology and life sciences industries locally to generate lasting benefits to the city. Finally, Section IV projects the future potential resulting from the execution of the proposed pilot and the formation of the cross-functional partnerships that are required for its delivery. The analysis focuses primarily on collaboration between the City, Johns Hopkins University, and a development partner driven by alternative measures of project success and outcomes. By aligning on desired commitments and returns, a highly efficient and productive form of project is made possible to trigger a transformation of Baltimore City. / by Maximilian S. Beatty. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: M. Arch. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, February, 2020 / Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, February, 2020 / Cataloged from student-submitted thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (page 45). / Where is the value of design? Clients who are using buildings to solve societal economic needs rely heavily on real estate asset valuation models to guide their decision-making process; however, these asset valuation models often oversimplify the asset and only attempts to capture the crudest elements of the building (in most cases, only the square footage of the building is represented). Such crude abstraction of the asset results in the client's over-emphasis on elements that are represented within the valuation model as key value drivers for a project (e.g. the square footage). As a result, architects are often confronted with the challenge of mediating between their design interventions and the client's value-driven design approach. The result of this misalignment of design approaches are suboptimal design and economic outcomes. / As an attempt to address this misalignment, I've investigated twenty internal and external architectural features such as external materiality, internal materiality, column spacing, and the number of building entrances to see whether there are architectural design features that are statically and economically significant in contributing to the value of the building. The intention is to identify elements where consistent financial value can be documented within design practice. There is limited data on design features so I chose to focus on the New York City commercial office market. While this represents a small subset of the entire real estate market, it has allowed the research to derive some key insights from an otherwise extremely opaque market. I documented and investigated twenty design features. Twelve of these architectural features were found to be statistically and economically significant in contributing to pricing differentials relative to their building peers. / These results suggest that there is a significant impact of interior and exterior architectural design interventions that help to create relative value differential for commercial office buildings. / by Shane Xue Ying Zhang. / M. Arch. in Real Estate Development / S.M. in Real Estate Development / M.Arch.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

We are seeing an influx of out-of-state buyers into Tennessee, and the Tri-Cities area specifically. As a major emerging housing market in the US, the Tri-Cities is being inundated by people from all states and walks of life seeking a better life in Appalachia. Although the reasons vary by person, many agree that political alignment, taxation levels, and the quietness of this area lends itself to population growth. While most members of the housing industry have noticed this uptick in out-of-state buyers, few have taken the time to analyze their own records or review the empirical evidence that is present from the past 24-36 months to see where opportunities lie. Through cooperation with a local real estate attorney, I have obtained records that have been scrubbed of personal details for academic research. Using that information I have run some tests for proportions and changes from 2020 to 2021 to determine the major hot-spot states and regions from which people are moving to Tennessee. After analyzing this data, I have then compared it to input from two real estate agents in the Tri-Cities area regarding what they believe are the largest motivating factors for these out-of-state buyers. I have concluded that the West Coast Region (and California in particular) are showing the most decisive and conclusive increases in Tennessee home buying. Overall out-of-state buyers are quickly becoming a large demographic of our market, with a statistically significant 7.56% difference in proportion from just last year to this year (2021).

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019 / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64). / In the last decade, mainland China has encouraged diverse experiments of real estate asset securitization in different sub-sectors, such as rental, industrial, and retail markets. However, little research has focused on the community-based retail, and few experiments of community-based retail asset securitization have taken place. The paper attempts to propose a new strategy for China's community-based retail development, with the belief that, by utilizing innovative real estate securitization as an alternative financing tool, community-based retail development will exploit its economic and social potential to make better neighborhoods in cities. The paper will discuss the opportunities and the challenges in community-based retail development in China, examine the key features of alternative financing tools that could be utilized, and develop a hypothetical strategy to integrate these concepts and make an example of a feasible system for the applications of REITs in China's real estate market.. / by Qianwen Yin. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019 / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-53). / The Chinese real estate market has been growing rapidly over the past decade and has become a popular destination for foreign institutional investors (FIls) including both the public and private entities such as sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, equity funds, banks and insurance firms. An increasing interest from global investors has been observed recently. The total property transaction volume of foreign institutional investment in mainland China set a new yearly record in 2018 and a new quarterly record in the first quarter of 2019. The main objective of this study is to identify the investor universe and the investment patterns of different types of FlIs in China's real estate market. Thorough analysis of the actual transaction data is performed to understand the investment behaviors and preferences in each major property sector including office, retail, industrial, apartment, hotel and site development. Company profiles and a few selected cases formost active investors in the market are reviewed to analyze the investment strategies. This research finds that institutions from the United States and Singapore have dominated the foreign investment field. Equity funds and investment managers are the most active players among all types of FIls. While the office sector is the most popular type, prime retail assets also have a few loyal followers. The development site lost it attractiveness but the industrial and the rental apartment sectors received tremendous attention in recent years. Following their investment guidelines, FIls demonstrate different risk tolerances by the investor type and also adopt various investment strategies for different property types. The study also provides analysis of future investment trends in the selected promising sectors and regions. The investment risks are assessed for FIIs who have been or will be in the Chinese real estate market. / by Ye Zhou. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019 / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-55). / This thesis aims to develop the framework of a housing program designed to help current recipients of rental subsidies begin to build household wealth through homeownership. Its core beneficiaries are households in Boston and Cambridge earning between 60% and 80% of the area median income. It also proposes an extended program to help households earning between 80% and 135% AMI purchase a home, since they also face significant burdens from housing costs in the current market and are underserved by existing housing programs. The proposal does not aim to solve the overall housing crisis, nor to replace existing programs, but rather to act as a supplement to current programs. The first chapter examines the history of housing policy, and from that review draws six principles of effective housing programs which are used to guide the new proposal. The second chapter examines the needs of renters, home buyers, and property developers in order to identify basic criteria which a new program must meet. The third chapter evaluates individual potential elements of a new program with respect to the principles and criteria identified within the earlier chapters. Finally, the framework of the proposal for a new housing program is laid out. / by Thomas F. Worth, II. / S.M. in Real Estate Development / S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate