Includes bibliographical references. / Confidentiality has been regarded as an essential attribute of arbitration over litigation due to its “private and confidential” nature in arbitral proceedings. Such attribute of arbitration has been subject to debates over recent years from different scholars in the world of arbitration. Two common law jurisdictions have been the result of such debates. The United Kingdom (England) who has for decades assumed the existence of an implied obligation of confidentiality in its arbitration proceedings while Australia has rejected such an implied obligation and have held that confidentiality is not an essential attribute of arbitration. In Tanzania, the current arbitration laws are silent with respect to confidentiality provisions and there seems to be no literature or any article written on the subject matter. This dissertation therefore aims to introduce the doctrine of confidentiality in Tanzania by examining the two common law approaches case-to-case basis and to show how a developing nation like Tanzania could implement one or combination of the different approaches into its arbitration system. Chapter 1 introduces the doctrine of confidentiality in arbitral proceedings by examining how different scholars have interpreted the concept and by distinguishing the doctrine from privacy. This chapter also covers the nature of confidentiality in arbitral proceedings and the main actors involved in preserving the confidentiality obligation in the arbitral process. Chapter 2 provides for an overview of the arbitration system in Tanzania as well covering the position of the doctrine in its arbitration proceedings. Chapter 3 gives a comprehensive overview of the doctrine of confidentiality in both England and Australia and its implementation to the Tanzanian arbitration system. Chapter 4 concludes and provides for recommendations with further research to be carried out on the doctrine of confidentiality in Tanzania in case of a future arbitration dispute arises on the subject matter.

Includes bibliographical references. / This paper examines the inclusion of public interest evaluations in competition law, generally and further specifically as it regards Merger Analysis. Reference will be made to the Competition Act (the Act) and to case law- so as to graphically illustrate examples where public interest considerations have, or at least should, substantially influenced decisions made by competition authorities. The basis of this paper will be to examine whether public interest in the general sense will enhance consumer welfare, and in the specific sense whether its consideration enhances the stated economic goals of income and wealth distribution with the overarching goal of realising economic growth and development.

The compulsory acquisition refers to situations where the minority shareholders are compelled to dispose of their shares. In certain instances the minority shareholders can compel the majority to acquire their shares by an enforced acquisition. The compulsory aspect is thus the unilateral and coercive aspect of the transaction that can arise subject to the fulfilment of certain statutory and regulatory requirements. These transactions are commonly known as squeeze-outs or freeze-outs, whereas sell outs is where minority shareholders have the right to have their shares acquired by the company on a compulsory basis. In this dissertation the argument will be made that the objective of these forms of transactions is to relieve the majority or controlling shareholder from undue oppression by the minority shareholders not only in instances of control transferred squeeze outs but also in respect to control maintained transactions. The dissertation will focus on the three main forms of squeeze-out transactions being the tender offer squeeze-out, the squeeze-out by means of a fundamental transaction and the supermajority squeeze-out transaction. The emphasis will be on how the first two forms of transactions are implemented in the South African context and a case will be made to include the final form in t out legal framework. A specific emphasis will be given to the regulation of these transactions in ensuing the fairness to the affected minority shareholders.

Includes bibliographical references. / Current South African legislation allows the use of temporary employment services ("labour brokers" in common parlance). Labour broking involves a triangular employment relationship between client, labour broker and worker. In terms of this arrangement the labour broker would employ a worker and supply him/her to a client, who then supervises and controls the worker. Even though the client supervises and controls the worker, the labour broker would remain the employer and be responsible for paying the worker. In South Africa, the use of labour brokers has increased exponentially, because it provides employers with an opportunity to circumvent the onerous provisions of constitutional, international and statutory law that seek to protect workers. In 2010, the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Labour identified a number of bad and abusive practices being perpetrated against labour broker employees and recommended that the Department of Labour review all labour legislation. In July 2009 the Department of Labour had in fact already submitted its recommendations for statutory amendments to the NEDLAC for discussion. Although it can be ascertained with relative certainty that South Africa's labour legislation will be amended, it is still not clear what form the amendments will take on. Whilst the ANC prefers a regulatory solution, COSATU maintains its call for a complete ban of labour broking. The thesis firstly determines why the bad and abusive practices are occurring and identifies a number of areas of insufficient or ineffective regulation (referred to as "loopholes" in common parlance) that allow the abuse of labour broker employees. Secondly, the thesis examines the debate around either prohibition or regulation being the most suitable option for curbing the bad and abusive practices. Thirdly, the thesis explores the DOL's recommendations and foreign examples of regulation. Finally, the thesis critiques the DOL's recommendations and suggests ways in which they could be amended or supplemented to effectively close the loopholes in current regulation and provide practical legal solutions for the protection of labour broker employees in South Africa, whilst maintaining a balance between labour broker employees' need for protection and employers' need for labour market flexibility.

In the modern world, company groups have become a commercial reality. With increasing regulatory and compliance requirements for different industries, larger companies are often more optimally managed in a group structure. The individual companies within a group structure still operate in the economic interest of the group as a whole. Despite this reality, company law has strictly upheld the separate legal personality of individual companies within a group. As a result of this separate legal personality, the holding company of the group cannot be held liable for its subsidiaries obligations. This creates room for abuse, especially since the holding company is able to control which obligations may be incurred by the subsidiaries in the first instance. This paper will discuss some of the abuses and possible unintended consequences of extending separate legal personality and limited liability to companies operating within a group. The author will seek to evaluate the common law remedy for piercing the corporate veil as a possible remedy against these abuses. The statutory remedy for piercing the corporate veil under section 20(9) of the Companies Act will similarly be evaluated. The research will conclude that these remedies do not consider the unique policy and economic realities of company groups and therefore are not adequate to address the abuse which may occur in company groups.

This paper considers the role accorded to, and importance of, the public interest objectives of the South African Competition Act[1] (the Act). The aim of this paper is not to critique these objectives or to consider what role these objectives have played in South African competition jurisprudence in the eleven years since the enactment of the Act, but to accept such objectives and specifically consider what effect has been given to them in the other provisions of the Competition Act that expressly deal with the public interest, [2] and to argue that the competition authorities should not be too eager to diminish the importance of these sections, but that the public interest should play an important role in the competition law of South Africa and other developing nations, and as such, that the South African competition authorities should recognise this.

Includes bibliographical references. / This study examines the way in which the South African judiciary approaches the interpretation of fiscal legislation. It refers back to the use of the literal/textual approach (traditional approach), its shortcomings and the modification of such approach if it leads to absurdity. It also explores the purposive and contextual approaches to the interpretation of fiscal statutes. It then ana- lyses whether the advent of the Constitution (The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996) has brought a paradigm shift from the strict literal approach to the purposive approach. The conclusion reached is that the Constitution has been a catalyst for change from the literal/textual approach to a purpo- sive approach. However, the conclusion does not shy away from showing that, in practice; there is a continued practical applica- tion of the literal/textual approach by South African courts.

The purpose of this dissertation is thus to evaluate the extent to which the existing legal and regulatory instruments in South Africa have effectively regulated director’s remuneration as a means of ensuring that those in control are accountable to the owners and do not remunerate themselves excessively with the owners’ money. The research will embark on a comparative analysis with international jurisdictions being Australia and the United Kingdom with the objective of determining how these countries have regulated executive director remuneration and the lessons that South Africa can learn from them. Lastly, the research will provide recommendations on how the existing framework s can be improved to ensure adequate and effective regulation of executive director remuneration.

The financial sector in general is a difficult industry to regulate, as there is a need to balance the competing interests of the various stakeholders. Tampering with the cornerstone of the capitalist system naturally arouses diverging views and is often the subject of many debates as is evidenced by the debates surrounding the National Credit Act ('NCA'). Nonetheless, its regulation can be a weapon to fight against poverty and inequality as evidenced by the purposes of the NCA. The object of this research is to analyse the law on debt review, focusing on the credit provider's right contained in s 86(10) of the NCA to terminate the debt review process.

Includes bibliographical references. / With the objects of facilitating the creation of business combinations, promoting flexibility and enhancing efficiency in the South African economy the legislature liberalised fundamental transaction policy under the Companies Act 71 of 2008 ('the Act'). Two of the leading reforms were: limiting the court's involvement in the approval of fundamental transactions to specified circumstances, and the introduction of the innovative American concept of amalgamations and mergers ('M&A').