民國六十七年中美斷交後，由於國軍武器裝備來源受限，因而有積極羅致人才、自立發展國防工業以增進國力之共識，故於民國六十八年訂定「研究所畢業役男志願服務國防工業訓儲為預備軍官作業規定」，六十九年實施，為我國國防工業訓儲制度之伊始。此一制度旨在結合兵役、培養運用研究所畢業之碩、博士高階人才，令其加入全國最具前瞻性之研究計畫，於不影響國家戰力之前提下，將質優且穩定之人才投入國家科技能力之提昇。 隨著我國高科技產業之發展，研發人才不足的情形益加嚴重，故自民國八十八年起，開放予民營企業和學校研究單位亦得申請訓儲人員（簡稱「國防役」）員額。此一制度實施至今，成效卓著、貢獻遠大，深受各界肯定﹔隨著科技高度競爭的時代來臨，人力資源的運用愈形重要且急迫，國防工業訓儲制度對我國國防工業及科技產業之發展有重大影響，但因此項機制牽涉人民之權利義務與資源之分享配置。迨至民國90年9月監察院糾正國防部辦理欠缺法律依據，另部份立法委員關切人員錄取作業，或質疑此項制度之公平性；遂由行政院於民國93年6月納編國防部、內政部、經濟部、國科會、經建會等單位成立『兵役制度全面檢討改進推動小組』，將原有制度自民國97年起轉型為由內政部主辦之「研發替代役」。 由於兩種制度內涵不盡相同，本研究旨在探討制度改變後對國內產業研發之變化情形暨影響面向，以供決策部門施政之參考。 / After the Republic of China and the United States broke off their diplomatic relations in 1978, the sources of the R.O.C armament procurement had also been limited. In order to solve this problem, the government began to actively conscript talented personnel to develop national defense industry by itself at the same time, so that the national power could be greatly enhanced. The regulation of preserving pre-military officers to serve national defense industry voluntarily was enacted in 1979, and implemented in 1980 which was the beginning of preservation of national defense industry readiness. The main purpose of this regulation is to integrate military service system with developing and training post graduate personnel including those with doctor’s degree. Consequently, let them join the national advanced research program. By doing so, the best trained personnel can help our country to enhance national scientific and technological ability without reducing national power. With the quick development of the Hi-Tech industry, our country faces shortages of research and development personnel. Since 1999, the Ministry of National Defense allowed civil enterprises and research institutes to apply for preserving pre-military officers which is also known as national defense alternative service. This regulation has been implemented to nowadays. There are always significant achievements and tremendous contributions to our country and the outcome is recognized by all circles as well. As the coming of highly competitive era of science and technology, it is crucial for our country to optimize the allocation of human resource. While the regulation of preserving national defense industry readiness plays a very important role in both developing national defense industry and high-tech industries, it is also involved with people’s rights, obligations, and the allocation of resources. In September 2001, The Control Yuan accused the implementing of the regulation of preserving national defense industry readiness by Ministry of National Defense without any law as a basis, yet it’s also criticized by legislator’s private concern about personnel’s admission and queried the fairness of this regulation. Consequently, The Executive Yuan organized The Ministry of National Defense, The Ministry of Interior Affairs, The Ministry of Economy, The National Science Council, and CEPD into groups called “military service overall review group” which is responsible for full scale development and improvement of the military service regulation in June 2004. The original regulation is changed into “research alternative service”. Because the essentials of two regulations are not exactly the same, this research will focus on the inventive evolvement within domestic industry according to the changes of different regulations, and how it becomes a reference within administrative department's decision making process.