本研究以一个曾经在文革中施暴的红卫兵──李乾的生命传记为个案，以布迪厄的社会实践理论为理论框架，探讨主体参与文革与记忆、反思文革的实践，以及对文革意义的理解，进而理解一系列红卫兵实践（尤其是暴力实践）的逻辑。不同于已有文革研究的精英史和社会史路径，本研究试图发展一种传记取向的文革研究路径，分析个体生命经验与其所处社会情境，红卫兵的惯习与其所处的场域的复杂关系，由此更深刻地理解文革以及无产阶级专政的政治文化。 / 首先，本研究聚焦这些红卫兵文革初期对文革的认知、情感机制与行动策略，指出其实践如何受制于无产阶级专政场域与惯习的作用，如何再生产无产阶级专政的政治文化，即再生产无产阶级专政的象征秩序、权力技术、话语方式与组织机制，如何再生产文革"武斗"的直接暴力与"文斗"的话语暴力。并且，本研究试图说明早期"造反者"的"造反"动力来自其与老红卫兵在革命资格竞争中的"相对剥夺感"；这种"造反"并不是为了反抗主流的象征秩序，而是努力争取自身在这套象征秩序中的优势位置和资本。 / 其次，本研究探讨主体生命经验中关键性的暴力事件──"一二.五"事件的实际发生过程，分析"一二.五"事件中这些红卫兵对暴力的认知与情感，以及暴力如何被合法化及赋权，其中的专政对象──"流氓"是如何被建构与想象的，由此揭示特定的政治文化脉络中主体的贱斥动力以及这一暴力实践的逻辑。红卫兵暴力惯习的形塑，不仅受制于文革的革命场域的作用，更受制于建国以来历时性的无产阶级专政场域的作用；同时，这一惯习的运作又在维持和再生产无产阶级专政的政治文化。 / 此外，本研究探讨主体在"一二.五"事件后，如何在一系列社会互动的过程中，逐步实现了意识的转化和主体性变迁，如何从符号中介的生命经验中引入新的认知与情感机制重新理解"一二.五"事件、文革以及无产阶级专政的政治文化。这种批判性的反思实践与主体所处行动场域中的社会位置以及所能接收的多元的、异质性的符号资源密切相关，可以形塑主体惯习的转化，生产新的社会实践以及相应社会关系的改变。 / 最后，本研究试图将当下民间文革记忆与反思实践置于文革与后文革、毛时代与后毛时代的连续性与转型的关系之中，指出为民间记忆与反思实践赋权的政治文化意义。这一反记忆实践不仅打捞普通人被遗忘的、被边缘化的文革记忆，也介入对历史与现实的批判，积极争取个体对历史的话语权，与对现实政治、文化的参与权。 / Taking the life biography of a former Red Guard Li Qian who committed violence during the Cultural Revolution (CR) as a case, this research employs Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice to explore the Red Guards’ participatory, mnemonic and reflective practices during the CR, as well as their understanding of the CR, with the aim of further understanding the logics of the Red Guards’ practices (especially their violent practices). Different from the traditional approaches of political history and social history, this study attempts to develop a biography approach to study the CR. It analyzes the complex relations between individuals’ life experiences and their social contexts, between the Red Guards’ habitus and the specific field, to understand the political culture of the CR and the Proletarian Dictatorship. / First, this study focuses on the Red Guards’ cognitive and emotional mechanism and action strategy during the early days of the CR. It investigates how their practices are subject to the conditioning of the field and habitus of the Proletarian Dictatorship, how they reproduce the political culture of Proletarian Dictatorship in terms of its symbolic order, power technology, discourse mode, and organizational mechanism, and how they reproduce the physical and discursive violence of the CR. This thesis also maintains that the dynamics of the early "rebels" were derived from their feelings of relative deprivation in the contest with the old Red Guards for revolutionary recognition. These "rebels" did not aim to resist the mainstream symbolic order, but to strive for the dominant position and capitals in the symbolic order of the CR. / Second, this study probes into the actual process of the "December Fifth" Event that was the most important life experience of Li Qian. It analyzes the Red Guards’ cognitive and emotional mechanism towards violence, how the violence was legitimized and empowered in this event, and how the images of the so-called "hooligan" were constructed and imagined. It reveals the dynamic of the subject’s abjection in the context of the specific political culture, and the logic of the violent practice. On the one hand, the Red Guards’ violent habitus was not only subject to the conditioning of the field of the Proletarian Dictatorship but also to the conditioning of the field of the CR. On the other hand, the operation of the violent habitus also maintained and reproduced the political culture of the Proletarian Dictatorship. / Third, this study examines how Li Qian realized the transformation of the consciousness and subjectivity through a series of social interaction. It also taps into his new cognitive and emotional mechanism developed under the symbolic mediation of his actual life experiences, thus understanding the "December Fifth" Event, as well as the political culture of the CR and the Proletarian Dictatorship. The critical reflective practice was closely related to the subject’s social position in the specific field and the diverse, heterogeneous symbolic resources that he absorbed. They shaped the transformation of the habitus, producing new social practices and the corresponding changes of social relations. / Finally, by putting the practices of popular memory and reflection on the CR into the continuity and the transformation between the CR and the Post-CR, and between the Maoist era and the Post-Mao era, this thesis emphasizes the political and cultural significance of these practices. These counter-memory practices not only dig into and revive the forgotten and marginalized memories of the CR, but also engage with historical and contemporary criticism, and actively assent the ordinary people’s rights to speak their histories and to participate in the current politics and culture. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 袁梦倩. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-283). / Abstracts also in English. / Yuan Mengqian.