本文為針對閩南語雙賓式的共時與歷時研究，首先以熟悉的現代臺灣閩南語為先，並對十六世紀、十七世紀、十八與十九世紀的閩南語各共時面依序探討其雙賓句式與雙賓動詞。在共時研究之後，串聯此四個共時面的歷時現象與演變結果，更是本文探討主題。 此研究嘗試以「雙賓家族」的概念來觀察雙賓句式，並介紹語法學者對雙賓句衍生模式的看法，基底結構的語義內涵與表層結構的句型變化，且特別採用格式語法的觀點──即出現於同一句式中的動詞，常具備相同的語義與句法特性，這種相同特性有些是動詞內在的，有些是句式賦予的；注重表層結構的探討，認為整體句式意義大於部分構成要素之和。期待在前人對雙賓句型的描寫和規律的歸納總結之外，探討閩南語雙賓動詞與所帶論元在語義與句式之間的互動。 而閩南語之外，同時也對華語、漢語方言與古漢語雙賓式作簡要的觀察。並透過四個共時面的歷時討論，以對雙賓式相關句式的演變與轉換機制作進一步的探究。 / This is a synchronic and diachronic study of ditransitive constructions in Southern Min. It takes the most familiar modern Taiwanese Southern Min as a point of departure, and then examines Southern Min texts in the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth century with respect to ditransitive constructions and ditransitive verbs. The main aim of this study is to map out historical phenomena and the result of evolution by putting together the four synchronic states each of which has been specified. This study tries to capture ditransitive constructions taken as a family. Its scope is therefore broader than the ditransitive constructions in English. In terms of methodology it employs the generative model, and examines the semantic content in underlying structure, and the variety of sentence pattern in surface structure. In particular, this work adopts the methodology of construction grammar in that verbs that appears in the same construction share common semantic and syntactic properties. The common features are attributable to the inherent properties of verbs in some cases, but they may be contributed by constructions in other cases. It therefore stresses the investigation of surface structure on the assumption that the meaning of a whole sentence is much bigger than the sum total of the senses of its part. This work will go beyond what is achieved by previous studies and explore in more detail the interaction between verb and its arguments with respect to meaning and construction. Brief but pertinent observations are also made of ditransitive constructions in Mandarin, Chinese dialects and Old Chinese for the purpose of a comparison with Southern Min. This study tries to generalize the mechanism of the shift and development of ditransitive constructions and other constructions by piecing together the four synchronic states.

單獨的「把」或「被」字本身並沒有言明「使動」語意，但是一旦加上「得」結果補語，就會帶出「使動結果」語意；是故，我們認為「把/被…得」字句是「結果格式」（resultative construction）。本文以「格式語法」（Construction Grammar）的觀點為基礎，分析「把/被…得」字句。本文提出在「把/被…得」字句出現的動詞不侷限於「處置式」動詞 (disposal verbs)；「使動結果」語意是格式和動詞之語意互動的結果。另外，本文也提出「把…得」字句和「被…得」字句均屬於「結果格式」的家族成員，因為這兩個字句包含許多共同的語意特性；例如，兩個字句都包含兩個小事件 (subevent)，一個是動詞事件 (verbal subevent)，另一個則是格式事件 (constructional subevent)，而動詞事件是促使格式事件發生的媒介 (means)。又格式事件通常決定了「把/被…得」字句整句的時態。最後，本文再透過Jackendoff的概念結構 (conceptual structure)，將「把/被…得」字句予以分解成更細部的語意單位，藉此更進一步了解「把/被…得」字句語意的構成。 / The use of ba/bei alone does not imply causative meanings; however, when a de result complement is added to ba/bei constructions, the causative sense will arise concomitantly with resultivity. Therefore, ba/bei…de in the sentences, two discontinous morphemes locking together, mark the whole construction as a resultative construction. By adopting constructional approaches, we show that ba/bei…de resultatives are not limited to disposal verbs and they are made of a family of resultative constructions. Without the inherent disposal property and the causative meaning, stative, perception, and psychological verbs are still compatible with ba/bei…de resultatives. The causative-resultative meaning comes from the integration among all the components of the construction, both structurally and semantically. Also, under such a constructional approach, we will find that many semantic properties of ba/bei…de resultatives can be predicted from their meaning structures: a resultative sentence contains a constructional subevent and a verbal subevent, and this verbal subevent serves as the means by which the constructional subevent takes place. As for their temporal relation, the verbal subevent may be cotemporal with the constructional subevent, or may overlap with it, or may entirely precede it, depending on the pragmatics of the situation. And the end-boundedness of the constructional subevent correlates with the telicity of a resultative construction. And with some modifications of Jackendoff’s conceptual structure, we discern how a resultative concept is characterized in the human mental representation. In terms of a set of primitives, we can easily detect that ba/bei…de constructions are made of two separable subevents, and that the verbal subevent is temporally prior to the constructional subevent.