政府機關檔案的開放與應用是當代民主政治運作的磐石，良善且完備的應用制度與開放管道，將能深刻機關檔案的價值及資料開放的深度。由於政治環境及歷史遺緒使然，我國國防檔案開放應用的過程是在相對保守及封閉的情境中所進行。隨著我國民主政治的穩定發展，國防檔案在管理及實務層面歷經了多次的轉變與調整，循序漸進的推展檔案開放應用的進程及範圍。本研究以政策評估理論中的評估指標，來觀察及解析國防檔案開放應用過程的影響與箝制因素，並聚焦於國防部內部使用者在實務過程及現實層面所提出的觀點與問題，嘗試進一步分析及詮釋國防檔案在開放應用時所面臨的困境及挑戰，並提出研究建議。 研究發現在效能性及效率性指標層面，因組織降編與整併、業務移轉與承接、人事精簡與離退及檔案審查行政流程等現實，肇生了國防檔案開放應用在政策效能、資源配置及行政效率等問題。在充分性及回應性指標層面，檔案開放應用的現行內容、範圍及數量未能充分滿足使用者的需求，而檔案管理人員的知能未能有效傳承，形成了執行面向與政策價值之間的落差。在公平性及適當性指標層面，檔案開放應用的管道、主題徵集作業停止及國防組織本質與法規層面的特性限制，使得政策目標的價值受限，並出現了目標偏失的困境。 本研究提出的改善建議可分為政策及實務執行二個層面。在政策層面的改善建議有三點：國防部應重視檔案管理及檔案應用的人力配置與預算資源，避免落入員額精簡或單位裁撤的謬誤循環之中；國防部可積極研擬將非機敏性業務，進行業務委外辦理的推動工作；另外可就現行法制規範層面進行適度的修正及開放等。而實務執行層面的改善建議則有四點：建議國防部在業務流程應積極推動簡化，並以作業管理的資訊化作為輔助；再來應在檔案審查准駁的作業流程進行效率化工作，以提升行政服務的效率；同時應關注檔案管理人員在專業知能上的培訓，以及機關內部和外部的進修訓練；另外建議國防部可以嘗試建立並整合檔案應用的網絡機制，透過多元行動者的互動參與及資訊的垂直和水平整合，來提升檔案開放與應用的實質成效。 / The access of government archives is the cornerstone of modern democracy. Due to the political environment past decades, the access of the national defense archives in Taiwan has been conducted in a conservative and confined manner. With the steadily democratic development in Taiwan, the management of the national defense archives has experienced much improvement and has gradually been stimulating processes and scope of public access. This study, using evaluation indicators adopted from policy evaluation theories; try to analyze the impact and limitations of accessing national defense archives, with a focus on opinions and suggestions made by internal users from the Ministry of National Defense (MND) in Taiwan. Further, this study aims to further analyze the issues and challenges faced and propose some recommendations. The study found that the access of national defense archive has difficulties in policy effectiveness, resource allocation, and administrative efficiency that caused by organizational downgrades and downsize, job assignment and adjustment, personnel reductions, and the archives reviews process. In terms of adequacy and responsiveness indicators, the content, scope and quantity of the archives accessed could insufficiently meet the demands of users, and the knowledge of the archivists not been transferred causes a gap between the practical implementation and the value of the policy. In terms of equity and appropriateness indicators, the access route, stop of theme acquisition and the nature of MND had limited the value of the policy. The suggestions proposed in this study are for policymaking and practical implementation individually. Three suggestions were for improving the policy making process. The MND should pay more attention to archive management, human resource and budgets reallocation in archives division. The MND could outsource some non-classified archive management work. In addition, current public access regulations should make some appropriate adjustments in accordance with reality. There are four suggestions for further improvements of practical implementation. First, the MND should actively promote process reengineering and use information technology as an aid in operation. Second, simplifying the workflow of access of national defense archive should be implemented. At the same time, archivist professional training should be enhanced. Last, the MND should establish an archive-access network; through it the effectiveness of access can be improved.