本項次級研究(secondary study)係以台灣地區1990年359個鄉鎮市區人口普查資料進行分析，旨在探討鄉鎮市區社會地位對中小學數理學業成就的影響。主要發現如下： 1.子研究一：鄉鎮市區社會地位對五年級國小學童數學成績之解釋變異量為30%。此平均數差異在社會地位第一組（第一組鄉鎮市區社會地位最高，以下各組亦由高到低排序）、第二組鄉鎮市區與第四、五、六組之間，以及第三組和第六組鄉鎮市區之間均達顯著，其餘各組並未達顯著。但是在都會地區與非都會地區社會地位對男女學童的數學成績並無顯著影響。 2.子研究二：鄉鎮市區社會地位對國際教育學習調查委員會國小數理學業成就之解釋變異量為12%。在數學成績方面，只有第一組鄉鎮市區之平均數學成績與第五組達顯著差異。但是各組科學成績平均數並無顯著差異的結果拒絕了對立假設。 3.子研究三：鄉鎮市區社會地位對國際教育學習成就調查委員會國中數理學業成就之解釋變異量為22%。此外，第一組鄉鎮市區與第五組、第六組，第二組與第六組平均數學成績均達顯著差異。第一組與第五、六組科學成績平均數達著差異。 本次研究結果支持生態系統理論，亦即外部生態系統--居住地區對兒童與青少年發展結果確有程度不同的影響。最後本研究並對未來教育研究與聚合型資料的使用提出若干建議作為參考。 / This secondary study based on 1990 census data of 359 districts in Taiwan to analzye the neighborhood effects of social status on elementary and junior school students' math and science achievement. Important findings are th following: 1. Study one: The variance in math scores of five grade students explained by social status of districts is 30%. And there are significant differences between some groups of social status. But no different effect of social status of districts on math scores between gender in metropolitan areas and other areas is found. 2. Study two: The variance in IEA (The International Association for Evaluation of Educational Achievement) math and science scores of five grade students explained by social status of districts is 12%. In math, there are significant differences among some groups of social status. But in science, no difference between groups of social status exits, rejecting the alternative bypothesis. 3. Study three: The variance in IEA math and science scores of nine grade students explained by social status of districts is 22%. And there are significant differences between some groups of social status in math and science scores. The theoretical implication of this study focuses on the support of ecological system theory. The exo-system -- neighborhoods do put different degree influence on the development of children and adolescent. Finally, the researcher proposes some suggestions regarding the topic of educational research and the use with aggregate data.