南水北調中綫工程的完成是國家權力成功運作的結果，而本文希望透過檢視水源地之一十堰市在環境治理上的表現來刻畫地方政府的行爲模式。 經濟發展與環境保護歷來是地方政府需要面臨的雙重考驗，縱向上看，中央與地方也常因利益分歧造成政策執行上的扭曲。而這種中央-地方關係及經濟發展與環境保護的矛盾在水源地十堰市體現得尤為明顯。因爲作爲水源地它需要切實貫徹中央「保水質」的任務，但是「保水質」與「保護環境」有著不同的內涵和指向，其背後是中央與地方利益的較量。然而，更深層次的矛盾在於，作爲一個貧困地區，十堰市本身脫貧壓力巨大，發展經濟的意願强烈。爲了保護水源地，十堰市必須在經濟發展上做出犧牲。面對這一複雜情境，十堰市的領導人毅然選擇完成中央交辦的任務。 本文希望透過檢視十堰市政府與上級政府及地方行動者的互動來勾畫出地方政府的行爲模式，同時探討其行爲背後的原因。 / The south-to-north water transfer project is a great hydraulic engineering aiming at relieving water scarcity problem in Northern China. The Chinese central government plays an important role in building dams and transferring water through closed conduit. However, the more challenging problem is to guarantee the water quality of the water source area:Danjiankou Reservoir. As the main part of the reservoir is located in Shiyan city, it has no choice but to take responsibility of protecting environment and make sure that the water quality standard can be reached. Facing such arduous task, Shiyan spare no effort in reaching the goal, and some polluting industries are badly effected or even prohibited. As the result, the performance of Shiyan is appreciated by leaders of all levels, but these measures are controversial. Balancing between economic development and environmental protection is quite difficult, but as an extremely poor city, Shiyan City would rather protect aquatic environment for northern people than develop economy for local residents. So the performance of Shiyan city aroused my interest.This thesis tries to throw light on how Shiyan governed the environment and how it react to pressures from above and below, and why it happened. The conclusion is that Shiyan takes different strategies towards different actors, and the reason is related to performance evaluation system and promotion. And the results are based on field work, books ,journals and so on.