奧林匹克運動會經過1,500年的蟄伏，終在1896年的雅典重獲新生，而幕後的推手，就是被喻為「現代奧運之父」的皮耶．德．顧拜旦（Pierre de Coubertin, 1863-1937）。從1890年代起超過40年的時間，德．顧拜旦一面以具體行動組織奧運復興運動，一面以論述的方式替現代奧運描繪藍圖、進行辯護，此即奧林匹克主義（Olympism）。本文以德．顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其相關行動為研究核心，並從以下三條線索：一、德．顧拜旦個人的生命經驗；二、十九、二十世紀的社會脈動；三、現代奧運早期的發展歷程，闡明德．顧拜旦的奧運理念、思想資源，以及他在奧運復興運動中的歷史位置。第一章概略介紹德．顧拜旦身處的時代與生平梗概，大革命後法國動盪的局勢以及普法戰爭敗北的屈辱，都對出身貴族的他產生刺激，促使他萌生改革社會的念頭。第二章關注當時三股重要的文化潮流：現代運動、展示文化與復古運動，特別著重它們的社會功能與所彰顯的意義，這三項文化運動不僅是現代奧運賴以生長的基礎，它們背後所暗含的現代體育、藝術與歷史意義，更是奧林匹克主義的核心價值。因此，三到五章中，將以此為三大主軸，來分析德，顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其復興奧運的實際行為。本文指出，現代奧運與奧林匹克主義不應該被分開看待，因為兩者皆是德．顧拜旦復興奧運的具體作為，偏廢任何一方，就無法呈現奧運復興運動的全貌。而若要對德．顧拜旦、現代奧運，或者奧林匹克主義做公允的評斷，則還要將時空脈絡納入考慮。如此，我們也才能看出德．顧拜旦既是夢想家，又是實踐者；既是現代奧運的創建者，又是十九世紀奧運復興運動的繼承者等諸多不同的面向。 / Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) is recognized as the “Savior” of the Modern Olympic Games. His special contribution contains two major parts: first, he modernized and revived the games, and led the International Olympic Committee for almost 30 years; second, he designed the blueprint and vision of the games by promoting “Olympism”. Therefore, if we want to delve into the early history of the games, it is crucial to figure out what he did, what he said, and what influenced him. This study intends to portray a historical picture of Olympism, especially focusing on its founder and his milieu. First chapter covers the background which motivated his social revolution. Second chapter highlights on the movements of modern sport, exhibitionary culture and revivalism, which not only represented mainstream cultural trends of 19 century, but also laid the basis of the modern Olympic Games. The underlying meaning of modern physical education, art and its historical positioning served as the core value of Olympism. Chapter 3 to 5, therefore, analyze these three pivotal points with regard to Olympism and its implementation. This study argues that the Modern Olympic Games and Olympism cannot be separated. Concerning that both are the result of actions taken by de Coubertin to revive the Olympic Games, equally important are their role in the Olympic movement. Ignoring either of them can lead to missing the whole picture of the process through which the Modern Olympic Games was founded. In this way, we can also see some different roles de Coubertin played in promoting the Olympic Movement.