我們在實驗中實現以高頻磁場激發之自旋波發射源，此發射源不需外加直流磁場即可給出4GHz~13GHz頻率之自旋波。 使用自旋波為訊息載體的元件只有自旋角動量傳遞而沒有電荷流動，可以從根本上解決歐姆熱耗散問題，但在近期研究中自旋波的產生往往只能在FMR下伴隨產生，或因為波源的形狀而限制了自旋波頻率，然而在我們的實驗裡以共面波導產生垂直樣品面的高頻磁場，震盪鎳鐵合金(Permalloy﹐Ni81Fe19)線上之圓盤型結構。因強交換耦合作用與形狀異向性，圓盤型結構的鎳鐵合金會形成磁渦漩態(magnetic vortex)，且渦漩態中心會形成一塊垂直方向磁區，而此一磁區可以看作為點波源，此點波源即可解決頻率限制問題，且在這結構下不需直流外加場即可穩定存在，在高頻磁場震盪下即會傳播出自旋波。 由布里淵散射儀(Brillouin light scattering, BLS)量測中，我們觀察到此自旋波由圓盤向外發射，且可以由改變導入共面波導微波的頻率來調控自旋波的頻率，電性量測中證實此自旋波在特定磁場下magnetic vortex會有不同的本徵模式(eigen mode)震盪。 / The study of spin waves (SW) excitation in magnetic devices is one of the most important topics in modern magnetism due to promising applications as information carrier and for signal processing. However, a major challenge for this issue is the requirement to excite propagating spin waves with tunable GHz frequency in the magnonic circuits. We experimentally realize a spin-wave generator, capable of frequency modulation, in a magnonic waveguide. The emission of spin waves was produced by the reversal or oscillation of nanoscale magnetic vortex cores in a NiFe disk array. The vortex cores in the disk array were excited by an out of plane radio frequency (rf) magnetic field. The dynamic behaviors of the magnetization of NiFe were studied using a micro-focused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy (BLS) setup and electrical measurement. In addition to the discrete ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) signals above external dc saturation magnetic field, we observed clear signals at zero magnetic field where vortex cores are present.

本論文分為兩部分，第一部分探討使用OOMMF磁性材料模擬軟體來模擬奈米線波導中的自旋波特性，除了以往文獻所熱門的水平異向性薄膜合金中的自旋波，還模擬了垂直異向性的材料，我們模擬了在奈米線一端施加0 ~ 100 GHz外加磁場的自旋波響應。在模擬的結果中，我們發現了水平異向性與垂直異向性的重要差別，垂直異向性比水平異向性波導在頻率小於10 GHz時，少了複雜的自旋波傳遞。而在改變線寬的條件中，我們發現了垂直異向性波導在線寬夠大時，會因退磁場的效應，使得磁矩翻轉，形成許多磁壁，而水平異向性材料則不會，從水平異向性波導大於120 nm線寬的波型中，則會發現自旋波在波導中產生破碎的相位改變。而模擬具有水平寬度變化與垂直厚度變化的週期性邊界，則發現兩者所具有的濾波效果非常相似，而濾波的三個頻段，則是水平寬度變化所截止的頻段，寬於垂直厚度變化的頻段。 第二部分為 ，使用離子濺鍍製成總厚度200 nm，改變交錯層數的(Co/Pt)×N、(Co/Pd) ×N與(Pt/Pd) ×N，三種多層膜的磁性電性分析。Co/Pt與Co/Pd多層膜在Co厚度小於1 nm時為熱門垂直異向性材料，而本實驗專注於Co厚度大於1 nm時介面的特性以及兩種材料的差別。在磁阻的量測上面，得到不同於一般異向性磁阻的規律，一般的異向性磁阻的現象為，平行於電流施加磁場比垂直電流施加磁場所量測的電阻，前者電阻較大(ρ_(H∥I)>ρ_(H⊥I))，但是同為垂直於電流的平行於膜面磁場的電阻(ρ_(H⊥I,in-plane H))與垂直膜面磁場(ρ_(H⊥I,H perpendicular to plane))則呈現了不一樣的行為，尤其為垂直加場的部分，在某些條件的多層膜，會有明顯的垂直方向的異向性磁阻，是為介面所造成額外的垂直方向異向性磁阻，稱作”異向性介面磁阻”(Anisotropic Interface Magnetoresistance)。異向性磁阻與異性向介面磁阻都具有高電阻軸與垂直此軸的低電阻平面，而兩者差別在於異向性磁阻為電流方向軸，而異向性介面磁阻為膜面法向量軸，對於本實驗的量測方法來說，兩軸相差90度角，也因此可辨析兩者不同現象間的差異，並且在我們的分析之中發現，異向性介面磁阻在Co厚度為7 nm以下，才會明顯的顯現。 / The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part discusses the properties of spin waves propagation in magnetic nanowire waveguide by micromagnetic simulation software OOMMF. In addition to in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) in the thin film alloys, we simulate the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the material. A transverse magnetic field is applied at one end of the waveguide wire and the frequency range is from 0 to 100 GHz. When frequency is less than 10 GHz, we observed that complex modes were generated in the IMA waveguide but there is no spin wave propagates in the PMA waveguide. We also studied the spin wave propagations in wires with different width. Irregular domain wall was generated by demagnetizing field in wider PMA waveguide but IMA waveguide does not have this behavior. In width-modulated and thickness-modulated waveguide spin wave simulations, these two filters have similar results with three band gaps from 0 to 100 GHz and the band gaps in width-modulated wire is wider than in thickness-modulated one. The second part is experimental measurements of the electrical and magnetic properties of (Co/Pt)×N, (Co/Pd) ×N, and (Pt/Pd) ×N multilayers, which are deposited by sputtering and the total thickness is 200nm. Co/Pt and Co/Pd were popular PMA materials when Co thickness is less than 1 nm. We focused on the multilayers with Co thicker than 1nm and the difference between these multilayers. In magnetoresistance measurement, the R-H curve is different from normal anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). AMR effect has different resistivity when H∥I or H⊥I, but the measurement results show that ρ_(H⊥I,in-plane H) and ρ_(H⊥I,H perpendicular to plane) also have different MR ratio in specific multilayer configuration. The effect is caused by the interface so it is anisotropic interface magnetoresistance (AIMR) as discussed in the literature. AMR and AIMR have both high resistivity axis and low resistivity plane which is perpendicular to the axis. The difference of two MRs is that the high resistivity axis is parallel to current in AMR and perpendicular to plane in AIMR. In the analysis, the AIMR effect is observed in multilayer with Co thickness less than 7 nm.