本研究以民國86年至90年之54檔投資台灣開放式一般股票型之共同基金為研究對象，探討財務資訊與股票型基金持股間之關聯。主要實證議題包括：（一）在不同的產業之下，共同基金經理人從事持股決策所重視的財務屬性是否有差異及（二）公司之財務表現與共同基金對該公司平均持股比例之關聯性。 本研究分別針對建築、食品、塑化、紡織、電機、資訊電子及服務銷售類等七個產業，首先利用因素分析將16項財務比率萃取出數個具代表性之財務屬性，並加入股票週轉率、淨值市價比、本益比與每股股價等控制變數進行迴歸分析，以探討財務屬性與共同基金平均持股比例之關聯性。 實證結果發現，償債能力、經營能力、投資報酬、經營績效、固定資產資金之安全與效率和現金支應能力六個財務屬性最能代表建築產業之財務表現；償債能力、經營能力、應收帳款週轉率和獲利能力四個財務屬性最能代表食品產業之財務表現；償債能力、利息保障倍數、經營能力、和獲利能力四個財務屬性最能代表塑化產業之財務表現;償債能力、利息保障倍數、經營能力、獲利能力和財務結構五個財務屬性最能代表紡織產業之財務表現;償債能力、資金適足率、經營能力、獲利能力和財務結構五個財務屬性最能代表電機產業之財務表現；償債能力、經營能力和獲利能力三個財務屬性最能代表資訊電子產業之財務表現；而償債能力、經營能力、獲利能力、負債比率和固定資產資金之安全與效率五個財務屬性最能代表服務銷售產業之財務表現。各個產業所萃取出之財務屬性因素不盡相同，顯示彙總公司財務狀況及經營績效的財務屬性確有產業別之差異存在。在所探討的財務屬性構面中，償債能力、經營能力、獲利能力為各產業共同強調之財務屬性。 就基金經理人所做的持股策略來看，不論針對何種產業，償債能力、經營能力及獲利能力均是基金經理人最為重視的財務屬性指標。研究結果另外也顯示，除了服務銷售業、食品業與建築業外，其他產業之償債能力屬性表現越好，基金持股比例愈高。塑化業、紡織業、電機業、資訊電子業和服務銷售業之經營能力屬性表現愈好，基金持股比例也相對愈高。至於獲利能力屬性則在紡織業、電機業、資訊電子業和服務銷售業顯著地對基金持股比例有正面的影響。 本研究之發現顯示，不同的產業在不同的經營環境下，反映公司狀況的財務資訊會因產業別而有所不同，即使在相同的財務比率下，彙總公司財務狀況及經營結果之財務因素屬性仍有所差異，並進而影響基金經理人的持股決策，尤其是償債能力、經營能力和獲利能力，更是投資各產業時廣泛參考的基本財務屬性指標。 關鍵字：股票型基金、財務屬性、基金持股比例 / The primary object of this research is to exam the relationship between financial information of a firm and its share held by mutual funds, based on 54 mutual funds of general stock investments in Taiwan over the period of 1997 to 2001. Two major research issues are investigated in this thesis. The study first explores whether the managers of mutual funds emphasize on the same attributes abstracted from financial statements across different industries for their share-holding decisions. The study then examines the relationship between financial performance of a company and its average invested percentage by mutual funds. This thesis focuses on architecture, foods, plastic, textile, electrical machinery, information electronics, as well as service and sales industries. Based on a factor analysis approach, the thesis is able to obtain several representative dimensions of financial attributes out of 16 financial ratios. Then, the use of multiple regression models enables the study to investigate the relationship between financial attributes and average shareholding percentage of the mutual funds across industries. The empirical results indicate that financial attributes extracted are not exactly the same across industries. It implies that industry differences do exist in financial attributes that summarize the financial conditions and operating performances of companies. Among others, attributes that characterize the performance of liquidity, operating efficiency, and profitability of a firm are found important for share-holding percentage across all industries examined. The research findings show that with exceptions in the service and sales, foods, and architecture industries, liquidity has found to have a significant and positive relation with the share-holding percentage of mutual funds in all industries examined. Operating efficiency has also found to be significantly and positively associated with the share-holding percentage in the plastic, textile, electrical machinery, information electronics, as well as service and sales industries. In addition, a significant and positive relation is found between profitability and the share-holding percentage in the electrical machinery, information electronics, textile, as well as service and sales industries. The finding of this study implies that difference in financial conditions of firms may result in difference in financial attributes across industries; even the analysis is based on the same financial ratios. Further, the liquidity, operating efficiency and profitability are the most essential indicators shared by mutual funds managers in making investment decisions. Keywords: stock-type mutual fund, financial attribute, share-holding ratio

本研究主要係探討財務比率資訊對外國專業投資機構投資決策之資訊內涵。主要實證議題包括：（一）探討不同產業下，影響外資投資策略之重要財務屬性為何？（二）前述財務屬性與外資持股變動之關係；及（三）財務比率資訊對外資持股變動之解釋能力是否因產業別之不同而有所差異？ 本研究以民國84年至88年間之台灣上市電子業、紡織業、塑膠業、食品業公司為樣本，首先運用因素分析將十八項財務比率萃取出獲利能力、償債能力、經營能力、帳款變現性及財務結構等五個不同構面的財務屬性，並加入公司規模、本益比及產業加權指數變動作為控制變數，以迴歸模式進行產業別分析。 實證研究結果發現，就整體而言，獲利能力為外資持股最具決策攸關性之財務屬性。就個別財務因素觀之，獲利能力、經營能力、帳款變現性及財務結構屬性均符合本研究假說預期與外資平均持股比例呈正向關係。償債能力屬性在電子業、紡織業及食品業均與預期相符呈正相關，僅在塑膠業與外資持股呈現負相關，與預期假說相違。由於負債比對償債能力屬性之影響為負向，故負相關之研究結果表示負債比相較於其他財務比率對塑膠產業樣本公司之償債能力屬性具更明顯的影響力。如併考量塑膠業之流動比及速動比均較其他產業為高之情形，此發現可能意謂，外資基於塑膠業之產業特性，並不希望塑膠業公司積壓過多資源而導致喪失投資獲利的機會。 此外，實證結果亦顯示，迴歸模式之解釋力在不同產業下確實存在產業之差異性，故產業性質對財務比率分析具有重要影響力。 / By examining whether the detailed financial ratios are informative about subsequent changes in Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors’(QFII) shareholdings, this thesis investigates the usefulness of accounting fundamental signals in the QFII investment decisions. Using a sample of firms listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange from electronics, textile, plastic and food industries over the period of 1995 to 1999, this thesis explores three empirical issues: (1) What are the important financial attributes for QFII’s investment decisions, measured in terms of changes in QFII shareholdings of specific companies? (2) The relationship between the shareholding change and the financial attributes. And (3) Would such relationship differentiate across industries? Based upon a factor analysis approach, this thesis first extracts 18 financial ratios into five dimensions of financial attributes: profitability, operating management, account receivable turnover, liquidity, and financial structure. By incorporating these five financial attributes with company size, price-earning ratio and industrial stock price index into a multiple regression, the relationship between financial attributes and QFII shareholdings is then investigated. The empirical findings indicate that profitability is the most relevant factor that affects the QFII shareholdings. The evidence also shows that consistent with the hypothesis, profitability, operating management, accounts receivable turnover, and financial structure are significantly and positively associated with QFII shareholdings for all industries related. With the exception of the plastic industry, liquidity is negatively related to QFII shareholdings. There is cross-industry difference in explanatory power of regression models used. This result might thus imply that industry factor plays a role in the usefulness of financial ratio analysis.