本研究以資料包絡分析法衡量職業球員的績效表現，並以麥氏生產力衡量球員兩年度期間績效變動效率，探討球員在簽訂激勵條約合約前後與績效表現之關聯性，以分析激勵條件合約是否具有激勵效果，提升球員績效，進而討論球員達成激勵條件與否，是否對未來合約條件造成影響。 本研究以2004年到2013年新簽訂合約之美國大聯盟球員為研究對象。實證結果顯示簽約前一年度績效僅簽有激勵條款之非先發投手與無激勵條款之非先發投手間有顯著之差異，簽約後績效有激勵條款野手效率顯著優於無激勵條款之野手效率，而簽有激勵條款之選手簽約前後年度生產力皆有顯著之進步，然而進步幅度並無顯著優於無激勵條款之選手。本研究認為激勵條款為球團與球員談判簽約條件之工具，球團針對不同貢獻之球員，設計不同之合約，使球團可以兼顧激發選手之表現及轉移球員未達預期績效之風險。 / To investigate the relation between the incentive clauses and players’ performances, the research not only uses the method of Data envelopment analysis to evaluate performances in the contract year but measures the efficiency of improvement between two years with Malmquist Index. Further, to find out whether the incentive clauses indeed have stimulative effect. Otherwise, attempting to explore whether player fulfills the incentive conditions or not would affect his contract condition in the future.

本研究以資料包絡分析法來衡量職業球員的績效表現，球員在簽訂複數年合約前後與績效表現之關聯性，來探討球員是否有合約週期的現象，進而再探究球員處於合約年的比率多寡，是否會對球隊的勝率造成影響。 　　本研究以2002年球季結束後至2008年球季開始前，這段期間曾與球團簽訂複數年合約的美國大聯盟球員為研究對象。實證結果顯示投手在簽訂複數年合約前一年，純粹技術效率有明顯增加，野手部分則顯示在簽約前兩年整體技術效率呈現顯著增加。研究結果顯示支持合約週期理論，即球員在合約年之前會刻意增加表現，以便爭取較佳之合約。另外，以2009年各球隊的勝場數為研究對象，實證結果顯示，當球隊中有較多投手處於複數年合約的第一年，則球隊的勝場數顯著較少。 / This research applies Data envelopment analysis to examine the performance of Major League Baseball (MLB) players before and after signing multi-year contracts. The research also aims to explore the claim of contract cycle theory by investigating whether contract status has an influence on wining ratio of a team. The sample includes players who signed multi-year contracts between end of season 2002 and prior season 2008. The result illustrates that pitchers’pure technical efficiency increase significantly before signing the contract and fielders’total technical efficiency increase significantly 2 years before the contract signing. The results support the contract cycle theory that players show a tendency to improve their performance prior to signing a contract in order to earn a better contract. In addition, the teams with more players who are in their first year of multi-year contract have a significantly less number of wining ratio.