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Challenges and opportunities of development in Ethiopia through urban-rural economic linkages (URELs)Berhanu Zeleke Gobaw 07 1900 (has links)
The transformation of rural people and land to urban land and culture is a natural
discourse and inevitable process. In the process, more than half of the current world
population are living in urban centres. The number of urban centres and their population
is rapidly increasing while the situation of integrated development of urban centres and
rural areas such URELs for sustainable development have given less attention in
agricultural based countries (ABCs). Multi-disciplinary (agriculture and agro-industries)
integration, multi-spatial (urban centre and its hinterlands) linkages, multiscalar (micromeso
and macro) levels, multi-actors and stakeholders involvement are the noteworthy
innovations in the field of development studies. This study mainly focused on URELs for
agribusiness and value chains under the development themes of governance and
development as well as contemporary debates. Policies, institutional settings and practical
implementation strategies of integrated and balanced development discourse of basic
sectoral and urban-rural economic linkages (URELs) missed in ABCs such as Ethiopia‟s
comprehensive development policy ADLI neglecting the rapidly growing urban centres.
Owing to this, this study is designed to examine the challenges and problems, status and
agribusiness and efficiencies of URELs for exploring theoretical empirical model for
virtuous circle URELs. Methodologically, the study used sequential explanatory mixed
methods research and cross-sectional survey design. The sequential approach was
quantitative method, qualitative method and integrating the two findings on interpretation
and discussion. The findings present truncated BPLs and FPLs of agriculture and agroindustries.
It was was mainly due to poor and greater ranges of efficiency from TE, AE
and EE for both agriculture and agro-industries, form of government as ethnic-federalism
and regionalism, violation of the existing institutional frameworks, dejure-defacto
discrminatin, government businesses, policy and institutional settings, lack of R&D,
many paradoxical acts and poor resources mobilization and utilization. These problems
and challenges are taken as potential opportunities for improvement and new lens of
developing empirical model. The overall recommendation lies on creating enabling
environment for virtuous circle URELs and integrated regional development using
regional development approach, avoiding illegal interventions, import-export balance,
proper resource mobilization and utilization. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)
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Evaluation of Ethiopian nigerseed (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) production, seed storage and virgin oil expressionMelaku, Eneyew Tadesse 29 January 2015 (has links)
Das Ziel der experimentellen Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf den Ertrag, die Saatgutqualität unter verschiedenen Lagerungsbedingungen sowie die Effizienz der Expression vonRamtillkraut (Guizotia abbysinica Cass.). In Feldversuchen wurden folgende Varianten untersucht, Sorten ‚Fogera‘ und ‚Kuyu‘, Saatgutaufwand von 5, 10, 15 kg ha-1, ein Stickstoffaufwand von 13, 23 und 33 kg ha-1, sowie eine differenzierte Wasserversorgung an zwei Standorten (Adet und Koga). In Adet wurde der höchste Saatgut Ertrag mit 1.384,60 kg ha-1 ermittelt, Erträgen in Koga (ohne Bewässerung) mit 1.064,72 kg ha-1 und 967,00 kg ha-1 (mit Bewässerung). Der höchste Ölgehalt wurde im Saatgut aus Koga (ohne Bewässerung) mit 41,54% ermittelt, gefolgt von Koga (mit Bewässerung) 39,59% und Adet mit 38,67%. Signifikante Unterschiede wurden zwischen den N-Aufwandmengen in Koga mit Bewässerung und Saatgutmengen in Adet ermittelt. Die Unterschiede bei den Fettsäuregehalten in Adet waren nicht signifikant. Der Alpha-Tocopherol Gehalt betrug 80 mg pro 100 g bei hoher Saatdichte und hoher N-Düngung. Hinsichtlich des Verfahrens des Ölpressens, wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Effizienz und Temperatur ermittelt. Die Dauer der Konditionierung und die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit sind negative korreliert gleichfalls mit der Effizienz der Expression. Die Temperaturen von 70°C und 80°C zeigten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Ölausbeute, dagegen war der der Einfluss von 90°C statistisch signifikant. / The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing seed yield, postharvest handling, and the oil expression efficiency for nigerseed (Guizotia abbysinica Cass.). Based on field study on two varieties, two locations, three seed rates and three fertilizer rates the highest mean nigerseed yield was 1384.6 kg ha-1 at Adet location (rain fed) followed by location Koga (rain) with 1064.7 kg ha-1 and Koga (irrigation) with 967.0 kg ha-1 showing significant difference. The oil content by location was 41.54% for Koga (rain) followed by 39.59 and 38.67% for Koga (irrigation) and Adet (rain) respectively showing significant difference whereas the Ash content showed a reverse trend of oil content. Fatty acid composition did not show significant difference in any treatment. Significant mean alpha-tocopherol of 80 mg/100 g (70 to 89 mg/100 g) was attained for increasing seed and nitrogen rates. Based on two temperatures and seven relative humidities model evaluation and monolayer moisture content estimation, Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) models was found to best suit both varieties as compared to Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and modified Chung &Pfost. For oil expression efficiency, 90ºC seed conditioning showed significant effect compared to 80 and 70ºC however conditioning times and feed rates did not differ significantly.
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