TITLE: Word Problems in the First and Second Year of Primary School AUTHOR: Pavla Weinzettel DEPARTMENT: Departmement of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Michaela Kaslová ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on word problems in maths books for Year One and Two of primary schools, published by Alter and Prodos. The objective is to analyse the word problems set out in these maths books and to classify them according to the following criteria: context, methods of solution, time management, and non- standard types of maths problems. A partial aim of the thesis is a comparison of the textbook word problem analysis and the analysis of those word problems which the students can create themselves. The conclusions of the work point out the importance of the teacher's role in maths teaching and learning. Teachers should use their judgement when using the published maths books and endeavour to expand on them, taking into consideration the above mentioned criteria in order to increase the students' eagerness to not only to solve the maths problems but also to understand as to why they solved them the way they did. The thesis recommends practical tools for teaching material evaluation and for assessing to what extent the students understand what the purpose of word problems is. KEYWORDS: word problem,...

This thesis is dealing with the way of verification of the fulfilment of expected outputs of primary education in the thematic unit of organic chemistry. Based on the gradual evaluation of the reform of the Czech educational system, requirements to formulate the outputs more specifically have emerged and led to the initiation of the primary education standards. In the theoretical section the need of the preparation of the standards for the natural science studies is justified, further the methodology of the illustrative tasks output for the thematic unit of organic chemistry is decribed. In the practical section the way of verification of suggested illustrative tasks is explained, as well as the evaluation of the results of the verification and resume of the comments of primary school teachers participating in the research. The conclusion presumably suggests the necessity of revision of the framing educational program (RVP) of primary education for the science subjects and also shows further work options in this sphere, namely creating other illustrative tasks.1

Teachers' experiences with changes in educational believes in mathematics Abstract: Goal of this master thesis is monitoring of changes in the educational style of the teacher. The change is described at nearly annual, personal experiences of the teacher from the first year of primary school. On the experience, in which it attempts to move from transimising way of teaching mathematics to teach by using methods of teaching oriented to building of schemes. Processing of the topic, she is looking for the answer of the question, if the change of educational style of the teacher, can help to change the pupil's attitudes to taughted object, in this case to mathematics. Whether use of methods of teaching oriented to building of schemes, will lead to pupil's more interested in problem solving, not only in mathematics. She figuring out how long time period the teacher needs to change her access to teaching as well as pupils. Key words: teacher-pupil interaction, problem as tool for pupils'activation, overcoming inertia in education

The aim of the thesis is based on the existing approaches to the assessment of the difficulty of the task of teaching with a focus on ICT and computer science to design a methodology for determining the difficulty of the task and verify it on the model examples for elementary schools. The methodology will be to respond to the theoretical background, which are based, in particular, of the parameters, forms, functions, and the specifics of teaching jobs. Other theoretical basis for the analysis of the teaching jobs are from the known taxonomies, Focus group research method and statistical data processing. The empirical part qualitative research including the multi-round testing pupils Elementary school and the analysis of the data obtained.

Various types of transportation issues are a common practice. The issue may be approached mainly as the distribution of products from suppliers to consumers while minimising distribution costs. The difference of real transportation issues predominantly relates to the considered restrictions, such as capacities of vehicles and orders, time windows and other special distribution restrictions. Transportation issues were already defined by F.L. Hitchcock in 1941 and since then, a wide range of stochastic and non- determinist methods providing solutions to transportation issues have been developed. Nevertheless, introducing distribution restrictions in resolving real-life problems makes it difficult for such methods to be applied. This thesis provides a compilation of the well-known determinist methods that may be used to resolve transportation issues. The methods that are appropriate for resolving real issues are discussed in more detail. The solution procedure of the selected method is demonstrated using simple examples and the results are compared with the results of other methods. An analysis of the above methods is used to design and implement new methods to resolve real transportation issues, their results being compared with the methods provided by the commercial software product.

This thesis applies classical optimization problems such as assignment or set-covering problem on logical puzzles or brainteasers. Listed in the first part are mathematical model, description and typical example of each optimization problem used in this thesis. The second part contains these models applied to the particular brainteasers for example Sudoku or Einstein's Puzzle. Exercises are divided into simpler and more complex ones. There is specification, source and a described method of solution stated for each of them. The calculation examples use Lingo or MS Excel or both. The aim is to show the possibility to address logical puzzles and brainteasers with the use of optimization problems, and thus confirm the wide possibilities of using these models. These examples can clarify and diversify the curriculum.

Sociologists offer a rich description of families from higher and lower social classes in their work. Some individuals, however, manage to break out of the system of social inequalities and receive an academic degree, even though their parents have a lower level of education. The aim of the thesis is to describe the specifics of such students and outline the psychological level of the given issue. Psychological oriented authors in other countries call this population first generation college students. In particular, key life moments that have influenced the individual's educational path will be examined. Another goal will be to find out how such individuals perceive themselves as a student and also find out which attributes are associated with this role. The research also focuses on the family and the wider social environment of the individual to discover whether this social environment provide some support. The thesis also contributed to explanation of motivation and integration as main factors associated with and academic success of students. The research method is semi-structured interviews and respondents were young people in Master's / engineering programs at universities. The basic condition was that they have parents without higher education. Data analysis revealed that for respondents are...

In our dissertation we deal with the space H(K) of harmonic functions on a compact space in classical and abstract potential theory. Initially, we prove several equivalent characteristics of this space in classical potential theory. The internal characterization, which describes H(K) as a subspace of those continuous functions on a compact space K which are finely harmonic on the fine interior of K, is then used as the definition of H(K) in abstract potential theory. Further we concentrate on the solution of the Dirichlet problem for open and compact sets mainly with regards to its relation to subclasses of Baire class one functions. The results, proved at first in classical potential theory, are later generalized to abstract potential theory. With a use of more elemen- tary tools we initially prove these results in harmonic spaces with the axiom of dominance and, subsequently, using stronger tools we generalize them to harmonic spaces with the axiom of polarity. We engage also in a more abstract problem of approximation by differen- ces of lower semicontinuous functions in a more general context of binormal topological spaces.

In my dissertation I look into different possibilities of an electrotechnical construction set RC Didactic. The thesis is primarily focused on demonstration of posibilities of the construction set on created tasks. During the processing of these tasks both hardware and software equipment of the construction set are used. Another topic which this thesis is dealing with are issues of application of existing tasks which are provided along with the construction set, than its parameters and projections of the construction set for aplication during classes and also didactical aspects of the construction set.

The goal of my diploma thesisis to create a set of tasks for education at basic school. This thesis is especially focused on realization of tasks from practice.In theoretical part I deal with complex of inter-subject relations between described branches in this work, computer support, selection of 3D CAD programmes at basic school with regard to price availability and technical designing (drawing). The practical part is focused on working papers. This part allows the construction of product using the calculation of word task. This calculation makes theimage about that product easier and allows creation of model in the CAD programme and the final production. This thesis is checked up by pupils in ninth degree of basic school. The fundamental part of this work forms appendix of working papers, which are prepared for education. I consider the approachof solving the tasks for pupils at second degree of basic school to be innovative.