Was researched influence of exogenous ethylene on apricots of variety "Velkopavlovická". The fruits were harvested at the maturity stage of the primary content of chlorophyll in their skin. At the plant material was determined by the concentration of titratable acids, fruit penetrometer firmness and soluble solids content. Additionally, a loss of weight. The fruits were treated with exogenous ethylene for 24 hours in a sealed vessel at 200 ppm concentration. Concentration verified by gas chromatography (GC / MS). Were stored for 14 - days at 3 ° C and 20 ° C. For each group of fruit was also a control group (untreated exogenous ethylene). Laboratory tests performed on days 0, 7 and 14 days after treatment. For fruit treated with ethylene decrease the strength of fruits and color changes - loss of chlorophyll. On the other properties of fruits have more influence than ethylene storage temperature. Sensory evaluation was carried out of all categories of fruits according to the parameters taste, firmness, color. Top evaluated fruits were treated exogenous ethylene stored at a temperature of 20 ° C and worst fruits were evaluated control (untreated) stored in the temperature of 3 ° C.

In this diploma thesis "Ripening tomatoes from the late harvest" were investigated supporting options of the post harvest of the completely green fruit, which remained unharvested in the later stages of harvest. Fruits were transferred from the field conditions to the temperature of 20 °C and afterwards were successively treated with ethylene as the supportive maturing factor, which helped them to get to the suitable conditions for subsequent maturation. Two varieties of tomatoes were used for the speed of ripening. At the end of the cultivation period, both varieties of tomatoes 'Expres' and 'Premio' were treated by the three concentrations of exogenous ethylene, 2 100 ppm, 7 360 ppm and 2 200 ppm. Technologically important parameters such as the size and weight of fruit, fruit color, fruit firmness, soluble solids and titration acid were evaluated during the post-harvest storage (21 days). Influence of ethylene in concentrations up to 7 360 ppm has proven effective post-harvest treatment that supports ripening of originally unripe fruit at the end of the growing season. Also differences in the investigated varieties were proved, the 'Premio' variety was after the ethylene treatment sensitive in parameters, which were monitored.

Diplomová práce hledá odpověď na otázku: jakou povahu má v současné době ? charakterizované určitým typem měnové politiky ? peněžní nabídka. Nejprve je provedeno odlišení pojmů endogenní a exogenní nabídka peněz. Dále jsou diskutovány různé přístupy k nabídce peněz. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována postkeynesovské teorii. Současná měnová politika je v práci reprezentována cílováním inflace. Endogenní přístup k nabídce peněz je poté porovnán s touto měnovou politikou. Odpověď na otázku se pokouší nalézt také ekonometrická analýza založená na Grangerových testech kauzality.

The aim of this diploma thesis realized as a comparative study was the study of regulation of carotenoid and ergosterol production in several carotenogenic yeast strains. Yeasts were exposed to exogenous stress factors. Salt stress and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) were reached by addition of NaCl and hydrogen peroxide into production media. Complex changes on metabolome (e.g. pigment and ergosterol production, RP-HPLC), proteome and genome were followed. Proteome changes were analyzed by PAGE-SDS and 2D electrophoresis. To isolation and analysis of chromosome DNA pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used. Six yeast strains were enrolled into the comparative study; three strains of the genus Rhodotorula and three strains of the genus Sporobolomyces. While yeasts Rhodotorula sp. were characterized by enhanced biomass as well as carotenoid production in normal and stress conditions, production of biomass by Sporobolomyces sp. was substantially lower. Carotenoid production in Sporobolomyces sp. was higher than in Rhodotorula sp.; the highest increase of was beta-carotene production was observed in Sporobolomyces salmonicolor cells stressed by salt (4x higher than in control) or peroxide (5x higher). Proteins were isolated from yeast cells by combination of mechanical and chemical disruption by glass beads and NaOh or SDS. Better yields were obtained by NaOH. Two staining methods were tested in PAGE-SDS protein analysis. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining exhibited lower sensitivity, silver staining led to better visualisation of minor protein fractions too. 1D protein profiles was difficult to evaluate, therefore, 2D electrophoresis of selected strains (R.glutinis, R.rubra) was done. In yeast genome analysis by PFGE at minimum 7 DNA fractions were observed. These results probably are not final, further study will be needed for detailed characterization of red yeast genome.

This master thesis analyses the topic of soil biological activity after the addition of biodegradable waste of different quality (straw, grass, compost). A container experiment with a goal to determine the influence of fresh organic matter and stabilized organic matter on soil biological activity is a substance of this thesis. Soil biological activity was interpreted by soil gas production, namely CO2 and N2O, also by determining the number of microorganisms of individual physiological groups, by determining the cellulite organism activity and by assessing the growth of the indicator plant biomass. It was discovered that a material containing less degradable substances and a broad C/N ration (straw) can cause the depression of plant growth compared to application of stabilized organic matter (compost). However, if the applied fresh organic matter has a suitable composition and an optimal C/N ratio, it can be incorporated into the soil without prior stabilization, for example by composting, and it still may have a positive impact on growth of biological activity of the soil biota and it may positively affect the plant growth at the same time.

This master thesis is focused on the role of horizontal gene transfer in disseminating tetracycline resistance among bacteria in farm soils. In the experimental part, plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance, were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with cattle manure and Escherichia coli K-12 CV601 gfp recipients.

Analysis of mortality development in Russia using various decomposition methods Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate mortality development in Russia in last 50 years by using various decomposition methods. The first part presents the method of decomposition of the difference between two demographic indicators (E. Kitagawa's method or methods from E. Arriaga, R. Pressat and J. Pollard). In the second part mortality development in Russia is analyzed by using methods that decomposed the value of demographic indicators in a given year. Mortality is divided into senescent and background component by using the Gompertz-Makeham formula and by using the logistic model. Afterwards, avoidable and unavoidable mortality and mortality due to endogenous and exogenous causes of death is analyzed. Hypotheses, set out in the introductory chapter, are verified by using different decomposition methods. Using multiple methods of decomposition enable to obtain a more complex view of the evolution of mortality in the observed period so that could be viewed from multiple perspectives and identify specific population trends in Russia. Keywords: mortality, Russia, decomposition, senescent and background mortality, avoidable mortality, endogenous, exogenous, causes of death, mortality crisis

The main aim of this thesis is to compare and evaluate the importance of social activities, whether and how it contributes to quality and to the development of local life and local communities in the surveyed municipalities Chlum, Tichonice and Kladruby (municipalities under three hundred inhabitants) and compare the social activity of these municipalities with the thee times bigger township Kácov. The aim of this thesis is to find out the reason why smaller municipalities under three hundred inhabitants appear to be as active as the larger township. The theoretical part defines the terminology related to the topic. The empirical part of the work consists of secondary and comparative data analysis of actors, activities, and community amenities. Secondary and comparative data analysis showed that social life in small municipalities is varied and rich especially in entertainment, cultural and sport activities. Compared to the bigger township there is less folklore and education activities in smaller municipalities. It was found that the most active municipality is Kladruby with the activity ratio to population of 5,3%, followed by Tichonice with 3,6%, township Kácov with 3,3% and Chlum with 3%. It came out that there is not a direct correlation between the number of actors and social activity of the municipality. The activity of individual actors is different. It means that it is not the truth, that the more groups of actors are in the municipality, the more activities are held by the actors in the municipality. It was found that township Kácov disposes with the most diverse community amenities. Despite of a noticeable impact of community amenities on regularity of organizing activities, this factor is not the only condition for organizing activities. Deficiencies in community amenities can be partially replaced by well-functioning common organizing activities by actors, what is the factor what differentiate smaller municipalities from the large township. Exogenous approach was, over the last ten years, evident in all of the examined municipalities. There was obtained and invested financial resources to the municipalities community amenities, which allowed organizing new activities or continuing with organizing of existing activities. The empirical survey was carried out through semi-structured interviews with the actors operating in the public and nonprofit sector in the examined municipalities. A key factor in the activity organizing is community involvement connected with the mutual cooperation of individual actors (i.e. a combination of utilization of actor´s cultural and social capital). Smaller municipalities may not seem, to the interviewees actors, as active as three times bigger township. Reasons why smaller municipalities may seem as active as the larger township are more significant community involvement and a higher rate of cooperation between actors in organizing activities in smaller communities. The social life plays an important role in all of the examined communities - especially in creating and maintaining interpersonal relationships, in strengthening social cohesion, preserving the traditions and creating the relationship with the place. It was found and confirmed how important endogenous approach (active actor) in development of examined communities is. With the proper supplementation and harmonization with exogenous approach can be the endogenous approach further stimulated.