Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madsion, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-171).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Brian A. Korgel. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D.Eng.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: John W. Gillespie, Dept. of Materials Science. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Razuk / Resumo: Fluidos de viscosidade entre 0,874 10-3 e 787 10-3 N m s-2 foram agitados pelos impelidores tipos âncora convencional, âncora modificada, fita helicoidal e parafuso em tanques cilíndricos de fundos reto e toroesférico para determinação da potência requerida e do tempo de mistura. Na agitação efetuada com os impelidores centrados houve o aparecimento de vórtices em algumas rotações. As medidas de potência foram efetuadas na região em que o número de Reynolds (NRe ) variou de 16 a 70.000 com a âncora convencional e modificada. Os diagramas do número de potência( ) P N em função do número de Reynolds, construídos com os dados experimentais, mostraram que, para todos os fluidos usados, ocorreu um desvio na curva quando o vórtice, formado na superfície do fluido, alcançou os impelidores e teve início a dispersão de ar no interior da massa fluida. A presença de bolhas de ar desenvolveu, no tanque, um sistema de duas fases (líquido-gás), alterando as características dos fluidos agitados. Nos cálculos do número de potência e do número de Reynolds foram utilizados os valores de viscosidade e densidade do fluido, e não os correspondentes ao sistema líquido-gás o que provocou, provavelmente, o desvio nas curvas. Na região em que o número de Reynolds fica entre 16 e 300 não houve formação de vórtices acentuados com aeração e a curva foi definida pela correlação ( )a NP A NRe = , onde A é função do tipo de impelidor e das dimensões do vaso e o expoente a, um valor empírico que varia com o número de Reynolds obtendo a relação ( )1,7 Re N = 19.953 N − P . O desempenho dos impelidores na homogeneização foi analisado pela energia requerida para se obter uma mistura de açúcar e água com concentrações correspondentes a 40 e 60o Brix. O método desenvolvido foi baseado na verificação...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Fluids with viscosity between (0,874 and 787 10-3 Nm s-2 were agitated by conventional anchor, modified anchor, helicoidal ribbon and screw impellers in cilindric tanks straight and concave (torospheric) bottoms for the measurement of power and time of mixture. The arisal of vortex occurred when agitation was accomplished with centred impellers and in some rotations. The measures of power were obtained in the interval where the number of Reynolds (NRe) varied from 16 to 70.000 with conventional and modified anchor. The diagrams of number of Reynolds in function of number of Froude constructed with experimental data showed that, to all fluids employed, a deflection in the curve occurred when the vortex formed at the surface of the fluid reached the impellers and the dispersion of air inside the fluid mass started. The presence of air bubbles develops in the tank a system of two phases altering the characteristics of the agitated fluids. In the calculations of the number of Reynolds were used the values of the fluid viscosity and density and not ones corresponding to the liquid-gas system, provoking a deflection in the curves. In the interval where the number of Reynolds remains between 16 and 300 the formation of a well developed vortex with aeration did not occur and the curve was defined by the correlation A N = ANRE Re , where A is function of the type of the impeller and of the dimensions of the tank, and the exponent a, an empirical value, varies with the number of Reynolds. The performance of the impellers in the homogenization was analysed in terms of the energy required in order to obtain a mixture...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

In this thesis, a theoretical investigation is undertaken into fluid and mixing flows generated by various geometries for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, on both sequential and parallel computer systems. The thesis begins by giving the necessary background to the mixing process and a summary of the fundamental characteristics of parallel architecture machines. This is followed by a literature review which covers accomplished work in mixing flows, numerical methods employed to simulate fluid mechanics problems and also a review of relevant parallel algorithms. Next, an overview is given of the numerical methods that have been reviewed, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. In the first section of the work the implementation of the primitive variable finite element method to solve a simple two dimensional fluid flow problem is studied. For the same geometry colour band mixing is also investigated. Further investigational work is undertaken into the flows generated by various rotors for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. An extended version of the primitive variable formulation is employed, colour band mixing is also carried out on two of these geometries. The latter work is carried out on a parallel architecture machine. The design specifications of a parallel algorithm for a MIMD system are discussed, with particular emphasis placed on frontal and multifrontal methods. This is followed by an explanation of the implementation of the proposed parallel algorithm, applied to the same fluid flow problems as considered earlier and a discussion of the efficiency of the system is given. Finally, a discussion of the conclusions of the entire accomplished work is presented. A number of suggestions for future work are also given. Three published papers relating to the work carried out on the transputer networks are included in the appendices.

The thesis investigates the behaviour of aqueous montmorillonite suspensions and also the interactions between montmorillonite as a free standing film and in highly dispersed aqueous suspension with water soluble polymers used as additives in water based drilling fluids. FTIR microscopy and FTIR ATR spectroscopy have been employed to study in-situ dehydration of fully dispersed aqueous montmorillonite suspensions. The IR spectrum of the dispersed bentonite shows significant differences from that of a dry bentonite powder, which have been attributed to the hydration of the exchangeable cation. Drying, or concentrated salt solution causes the differences to disappear and this is attributed to the exchangeable cation settling back to its ditrigonal cavity in the silicate sheet of the mineral under these conditions. The adsorption of various molecular weights of neutral polyacrylamide (PAM) onto montmorillonite has been studied using FTIR transmission, ATR spectroscopy and XRD. Shifts seen in the NH[2] stretching and bending bands have been interpreted as being due to H-bonding with the outer co-ordination sphere of exchangeable cations. KCl has shown to have some influence on this system. Another neutral polymer used extensively in water based drilling fluids is polyalkylglycol (PAG). The adsorption of two molecular weights of this polymer from aqueous solutions of various concentrations have been monitored both in the presence and absence of KCl. The physical form of the montmorillonite (either as a free standing film or as a dispersed suspension), the concentration of the polymer solution, the polymer molecular weight and the presence of KCl all have significant effects on the adsorption of polymer. The stabilisation of montmorillonite films by PAG and PAG/KCl solutions has been monitored by ATR spectroscopy, and the dehydration of these films by polymer has been monitored using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD. The interaction of PAG is thought to be via hydrogen bonding with the innermost co-ordination sphere of the exchangeable cations which thus presents a hydrophobic surface to solvent molecules, preventing the film from collapse. Since all water based drilling fluids are multi-component systems, techniques previously used have been employed to study the competitive adsorption of the polyalkylglycol and polyacrylamide components. Preferential adsorption of the PAG is seen in these systems either due to the mass transport effects (PAG is considerably smaller than PAM) or due to PAG removing all but the inner cation hydration sphere, and presenting a hydrophobic surface for the PAM, and therefore preventing its adsorption.