Light verb constructions have been treated as a relevant linguistic topic because they show unique characteristics that are not found in other verb constructions in Korean. Thus, previous studies are mainly focused on specific characteristics: (i) the relationship between light verbs and v and (ii) the affixation of accusative case particles. However, in this thesis, I examine more important issues related to light verb constructions in Korean: (i) how light verb constructions can works as predicates in clauses, (ii) the nature of the relationship between the complement and the light verb in light verb constructions, and (iii) where the complement and the light verb are present in the surface structure in Korean. Operating under the assumption that the light verb construction is a way of presenting a predicative type similar to lexical verbs or adjectives in Korean, I claim that (i) the lexical-semantic and syntactic information of all predicates, including light verb constructions, is determined in the “lexical conceptual structure” (e.g., Levin & Rappaport 1998), (ii) the conceptual categories in the lexical conceptual structure become the lexical items in the lexicon differently in light verb constructions than in lexical verb constructions, and (iii) the light verb construction is built by incorporation which is similar to semantic noun incorporation (e.g., Dayal 2010). In addition, in this thesis I will present new characteristics of light verb constructions in Korean: (i) the function of each component in the light verb construction such as the modifier and the modified item, (ii) the relationship between components in the light verb construction (i.e., s-selection), (iii) the existence of a functional projection between two components (i.e., Event Phrase), and (iv) the generation of the negation particle an ‘not’ under the head of vP.

Light verb constructions have been treated as a relevant linguistic topic because they show unique characteristics that are not found in other verb constructions in Korean. Thus, previous studies are mainly focused on specific characteristics: (i) the relationship between light verbs and v and (ii) the affixation of accusative case particles. However, in this thesis, I examine more important issues related to light verb constructions in Korean: (i) how light verb constructions can works as predicates in clauses, (ii) the nature of the relationship between the complement and the light verb in light verb constructions, and (iii) where the complement and the light verb are present in the surface structure in Korean. Operating under the assumption that the light verb construction is a way of presenting a predicative type similar to lexical verbs or adjectives in Korean, I claim that (i) the lexical-semantic and syntactic information of all predicates, including light verb constructions, is determined in the “lexical conceptual structure” (e.g., Levin & Rappaport 1998), (ii) the conceptual categories in the lexical conceptual structure become the lexical items in the lexicon differently in light verb constructions than in lexical verb constructions, and (iii) the light verb construction is built by incorporation which is similar to semantic noun incorporation (e.g., Dayal 2010). In addition, in this thesis I will present new characteristics of light verb constructions in Korean: (i) the function of each component in the light verb construction such as the modifier and the modified item, (ii) the relationship between components in the light verb construction (i.e., s-selection), (iii) the existence of a functional projection between two components (i.e., Event Phrase), and (iv) the generation of the negation particle an ‘not’ under the head of vP.

Natural light, aside from its functional roles, has little significance in many contemporary spaces. The decline of its earlier shared cultural values and lack of any other to replace these translates into an impoverishment of architecture’s deeper experience and significance. By evaluating the connections that exist between light and architecture, and, consequently, between light and man, a better comprehension can be attained of its present value and of its potential as a creative inspiration and as an agent of its expression. By tracing the relationship between light and architecture in Western culture, the forces that have shaped its significance are revealed. From agrarian cultures that connected closely to nature, to the anthropocentric modern era, the way light is treated in architecture has expressed the cultural relationship not only to the sun, to the light itself, but also to nature and to one’s own position within it. The understanding of this progression and the analysis of the contemporary episode of this narrative elucidates the current significance and approach to light in architecture. The profound focus on light by many individual architects and architectural writers acknowledges its importance in contemporary architecture, although its collective cultural significance remains uncertain. A broader conception of light’s significance and ways of integrating it more meaningfully with architecture can be derived from positioning three case studies as complementary to the contemporary episode of its story. These case studies – the tearoom of the Katsura Palace, Junichiro Tanizaki’s book In Praise of Shadows, and photographic series Colors of Shadow by Hiroshi Sugimoto – exhibit nuance and subtlety in consideration of light and shadows alike, illustrating a different approach and attitude to natural lighting. Light becomes more than an enriching physical phenomenon or agent of poetic evocation, it creates a deeper connection of man to his surroundings. Two designs – a house and a library – explore this connection and the potential of light to articulate dwelling. In these, the encounters with light and shadows are palpable and intrinsic to the architectural space fostering the ability to appreciate light and its attendant significance.

Natural light, aside from its functional roles, has little significance in many contemporary spaces. The decline of its earlier shared cultural values and lack of any other to replace these translates into an impoverishment of architecture’s deeper experience and significance. By evaluating the connections that exist between light and architecture, and, consequently, between light and man, a better comprehension can be attained of its present value and of its potential as a creative inspiration and as an agent of its expression. By tracing the relationship between light and architecture in Western culture, the forces that have shaped its significance are revealed. From agrarian cultures that connected closely to nature, to the anthropocentric modern era, the way light is treated in architecture has expressed the cultural relationship not only to the sun, to the light itself, but also to nature and to one’s own position within it. The understanding of this progression and the analysis of the contemporary episode of this narrative elucidates the current significance and approach to light in architecture. The profound focus on light by many individual architects and architectural writers acknowledges its importance in contemporary architecture, although its collective cultural significance remains uncertain. A broader conception of light’s significance and ways of integrating it more meaningfully with architecture can be derived from positioning three case studies as complementary to the contemporary episode of its story. These case studies – the tearoom of the Katsura Palace, Junichiro Tanizaki’s book In Praise of Shadows, and photographic series Colors of Shadow by Hiroshi Sugimoto – exhibit nuance and subtlety in consideration of light and shadows alike, illustrating a different approach and attitude to natural lighting. Light becomes more than an enriching physical phenomenon or agent of poetic evocation, it creates a deeper connection of man to his surroundings. Two designs – a house and a library – explore this connection and the potential of light to articulate dwelling. In these, the encounters with light and shadows are palpable and intrinsic to the architectural space fostering the ability to appreciate light and its attendant significance.

Light is a very important factor affecting every aspect of plant development. Plant developmental responses to light are sensitive to the direction, intensity, color, and duration of light. Light is perceived by an extensive set of photoreceptors that includes the red/far-red light–absorbing phytochromes and blue/UV-A light–absorbing cryptochromes. The Arabidopsis mutant seedling hyper-responsive to light 6 (shl6) has exaggerated developmental responses to available light. In the low light, shl6 seedlings have a phenotype similar to wild-type plants grown in high light, with short hypocotyls, expanded cotyledons, and well-developed first true leaves. In addition, the roots of shl6 are short and highly branched. The SHL6 gene was mapped to a position on chromosome 5 between simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers nga249 and nga151. Two cosmid clones from this interval (introduced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation) complemented the shl6 mutant phenotype. One candidate gene identified by complementation is a member of the glycosyltransferase family. The sequence of shl6 mutant differs from wild type Columbia allele of this gene (At5g13000) by a single nucleotide substitution in the first exon. This putative SHL6 gene encodes a member of a glycan synthase-like (GSL12) gene family that includes callose synthase. The β-1,3-D-glucan callose is found in the cell plate of dividing cells, in pollen mother cell walls, and pollen tubes. Callose synthase and related genes have not been previously implicated in developmental responses to light. We also observed that 90% of Col-0 anthers showed high callose deposition, but shl6 mutant did not display callose deposition in the anthers. The pollen viability in the shl6 was lower than Col-0. The epidermal cell elongation in shl6 hypocotyls was reduced when compared with Col-0. Therefore, we conclude that the mutation in light-regulated SHL6/GSL12 was involved in the synthesis of callose as well as light signaling.

Organic light-emitting diode has several advantages using in the flat penal display, but it is still needed to improve the disadvantages. The charge-carriers of the organic layers are one of the dominant factors to influence the performance of OLED. Hence, it is worth to study and understand the charge transporting behaviors by the theoretical simulation in the organic layers of OLED, and that is helpful for the OLED in future. In this study, three kinds of models are used to simulate the characteristics of several different organic light-emitting devices, and it also try to compare the relationship between the current density and voltage. Three kinds of models are described as (1) The field-dependent carrier mobility model (FDM model), (2) An exponential distribution of traps model (EDT model), and (3) The field dependent trap occupancy model (FDTO model). For the simulation of three models, the characteristics of several hole-only devices and electron-only devices were analyzed to investigate and discuss the organic layer of the devices with different materials. In addition, by varying the parameters such as the thickness and temperature, a comparison was made between the results simulated from models with the values obtained from experimental works. Finally, based on above results, the characteristics of OLED could be improved for future applications.

Recently, the novel development of light guide is V-cut light guide which integrate the micro-prisms on the top and bottom surface of the light guide. Although the V-cut light guide can use the energy of light source efficiently, its uniformity is lower than the traditional scattering dots light guide. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the low uniformity phenomenon of V-cut light guide. First, this study designs three micro-structures on the bottom surface of light guide, and analyzes the influences of shape and geometric parameters of each micro-structure on the luminous flux enhancement. Then, on the top surface of light guide, the micro-lens are modeled which includes the scattering characteristic of diffuser in order to improve the backlight uniformity. It can achieve the effect of diffuser does through the design of scattering micro-lens, so it can save the cost of diffuser. Finally, the integrated design of 7 inches light guide and diffusion structures was simulated by using commercial software LightTools, and the result shows that the backlight uniformity can achieve 90.6%.

In the first part of this dissertation, radiative interactions with single irregular particles are simulated. We first introduce the basic method and techniques of Finite- Difference Time-Domain method(FDTD), which is a powerful method to numerically solve Maxwell's equations with high accuracy. To improve the efficiency of FDTD, we also develop a parallel FDTD code. Since FDTD can simulate light scattering by arbitrary shape and compositions, we study several radiative interaction cases for single particles in an external plane parallel light source: the surface roughness effects on the scattering, electric and magnetic energy density distribution in irregular particles, and backscattered Mueller images. We also develop an innovative and accurate method to simulate the infinitesimal electric dipole radiation from inside a particle with arbitrary shape and composition. Our research and results are very important to study light scattering by irregular particles, Raman scattering and fluorescence. In the second part of the dissertation, we study radiative interactions in an atmosphere-ocean system. By using the so called Matrix operator method, not only the radiance of the radiation field, but also the polarization of the radiation field are obtained. Given the single layer information for the atmosphere, time dependent ocean surface shapes, and the ocean with no interface, the Matrix operator method couples these three layers and provides both the radiance and polarization reaching a certain detector in the time domain, which are essential for atmospheric science and oceanography. Several simple cases are studied by this method to demonstrate its accuracy and robustness. We also show the most difficulties in this method and discuss what one need to do in future research works.

The ability of plants to not only detect but also adjust to their environment is crucial for their survival. The genes involved in photomorphogenesis – developmental changes in response to light – and their regulation have long been of interest to researchers. While the phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptors have been isolated and partially characterized, the downstream components of the light signaling pathway which transmit the perceived light signals and regulate gene expression are still being discovered. A negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, DET1 (de-etiolated 1), was discovered in a mutant screen for plants that develop a light grown phenotype in the dark. DET1 is nuclear localized, but its exact function remains unknown. Two contrasting mechanisms for the role of DET1 in the regulation of gene expression have been proposed based on studies of the tomato and human orthologs of DET1. In order to reveal the mechanism and molecular context of DET1 action, suppressor mutant screens were employed to discover additional genes acting in conjunction with DET1 (designated as TED genes). In this research, new genomic methods were developed and employed to identify the genes underlying the ted1-1SD and ted2-1D suppressor mutations. A long hypocotyl QTL and suppression of the det1-1 dark grown phenotype by the Bensheim (Be-0) ecotype of Arabidopsis mapped to the HAT4 gene, a homeoboxdomain leucine-zipper transcription factor involved in shade-avoidance responses. Sequence analysis uncovered two functionally distinct alleles of HAT4 in the Be-0 alleles of HAT4 compared to the genomic standard Columbia (Col-0) ecotype. Expression analysis showed that in addition to negative autoregulation by itself, HAT4 is also negatively regulated by DET1. The ted2-1D mutation was mapped to a 57 Kbp interval on chromosome I containing three likely candidate genes. Suppression of the det1-1 phenotype by ted2-1D is overdominant which is highly unusual and typically associated with hybrid vigor or heterosis traits. The discovery of the genes underlying the ted1-1SD and ted2-1D suppressor mutations have furthered the understanding of the role for DET1 in regulation of photomorphogenesis as well as mechanisms involved in overall gene regulation during light signaling.

In this thesis, we studied chirp response and slow light properties in strained saturable Bragg reflector (SSBR). In the part of chirp response studying, we simulated the chirp response of SSBR of pulses with different chirps, and verified the results of related work. The trend of simulation was consistent with experimental result. Therefore firmly believing the broadening or compression ability of chirped incident pulse in SSBR, the pulse compression ability facilitates the mode-locking in laser cavity and generates more narrow pulse. In the studying of slow light properties in SSBR, a home-made pulse shaper system and a cross-correlator system were demonstrated. We control the chirp of the pulse by pulse shaper, and then pulse enter SSBR and reflect from SSBR, and measure the signal distribution in time domain by cross-correlator, finally we can analyze the properties of slow light of SSBR. We have demonstrated the slow light phenomenon was observed as central wavelength of incident pulse approach to resonance absorption of SSBR. In the aspect of chirp control, contrast with negative chirped incident pulse, slower group velocity with larger group delay for positive chirped incident pulse was observed. This could be attributing to absorption increasing which result from more efficient for creating carrier and less-sensitive to the carrier-scattering effect. In addition, we further study power dependence of slow light properties in SSBR under various incident chirps. Increasing group delay with power of incident pulse was performed. In addition, more group delay under saturation was also characterized and analyzed.