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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Acinetobacter spp. et réservoir de gènes de carbapénèmases / Acinetobacter spp. as reservoirs of carbapenem resistance

Figueiredo, Samy 17 October 2011 (has links)
Acinetobacter baumannii, microorganisme responsable d’infections nosocomiales survenant le plus souvent par épidémies, pose un problème émergent de multi-résistance aux antibiotiques, notamment aux carbapénèmes. Cette résistance aux carbapénèmes est le plus souvent liée à l’acquisition et à l’expression de gènes codant pour des b-lactamases de classe D à activité de carbapénèmase (CHDLs). Le réservoir de ces gènes de résistance est inconnu.Nous avons montré que l’espèce bactérienne Acinetobacter radioresistens, espèce proche de A. baumannii, est le progéniteur du déterminant de résistance aux carbapénèmes le plus prévalent dans le monde chez A. baumannii : le gène blaOXA-23. Nous avons identifié l’espèce Acinetobacter lwoffii comme progéniteur d’un gène codant pour une nouvelle CHDL : OXA-134. Nous avons identifié les CHDLs naturelles des espèces Acinetobacter johnsonii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus et Acinetobacter haemolyticus, dénommées respectivement OXA-211, OXA-213 et OXA-214. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’expression des gènes codant pour ces CHDLs naturelles en prenant l’exemple du gène naturel blaOXA-51/-66 de A. baumannii et nous avons démontré que ce gène était impliqué dans la réduction de sensibilité aux carbapénèmes chez A. baumannii, notamment lorsque la séquence d’insertion (IS) ISAba1 était présente en amont de ce gène. Nous avons ensuite identifié une nouvelle IS, ISAba9, à l’origine de la surexpression du gène blaOXA-51 naturel de A. baumannii. Enfin, nous avons identifié VIM-4, b-lactamase de classe B capable d’hydrolyser les carbapénèmes, dans une souche de Acinetobacter non-baumannii, Acinetobacter genomic species 16. / Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly reported and leads to difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections. Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D b-lactamases (CHDLs) represent the main mechanism of resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter spp. The origin (reservoir) of those CHDL genes remains unknown. We identified Acinetobacter radioresistens as the reservoir of the blaOXA-23-like genes currently emerging as the sources of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii worldwide. Acinetobacter lwoffii was found to be a reservoir of a novel type of CHDL-encoding gene: blaOXA-134. We described the naturally-occurring CHDLs from Acinetobacter johnsonii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter haemolyticus, respectively named OXA-211, OXA-213 et OXA-214. We reported an in vivo selection of reduced susceptibility to carbapenems in A. baumannii. This reduced susceptibility to carbapenems was related to selection of the ISAba1-related overexpression of the naturrally-occurring blaOXA-51/-69 gene from A. baumannii. We identified the novel insertion sequence ISAba9 as being involved in blaOXA-51/-69 gene overexpression, thus contributing to carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii.We reported the first identification of the metallo-b-lactamase VIM-4 determinant in Acinetobacter spp.
82

Genotypisk bestämning av ESBL-producerande E. coli isolerade i Kronobergs län 2009

Dzafic, Sara January 2010 (has links)
Vanlig tarmbakterie som Escherichia coli (E. coli) kan bland annat orsaka infektioner i bukhålan och urinvägsinfektioner. Infektioner orsakade av bakterien har ofta behandlats med betalaktamantibiotika, som penicilliner och cefalosporiner, vilket har resulterat i selektion av antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) är enzymer som hydrolyserar 3:e generationens cefalosporiner som cefotaxim, ceftazidim och ceftriaxon, men kan även bryta ner penicilliner, monobaktamer och övriga cefalosporiner. ESBL förekommer främst hos E. coli och Klebsiella pneumoniae. I början utgjordes ESBL-enzymerna av TEM och SHV, men idag är CTX-M den vanligaste ESBL-varianten. CTX-M genen finns i över 50 olika varianter, vilka delas in i fem subgrupper (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9 och CTX-M-25). Syfte med arbetet var att utföra en genotypisk bestämning av ESBL-producerande E. coli, som isolerats i Kronobergs län 2009, med hjälp av realtids-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). För detektion av CTX-M användes multiplex-realtids-PCR med vilken de fem olika grupperna kunde detekteras under samma PCR-analys. Resultatet visade att den vanligaste ESBL-varianten bland ESBL-producerande E. coli i Kronobergs län 2009 var CTX-M-1 (88 positiva av 123), men ett stort antal var positiva både för CTX-M-1 och TEM (41 isolat). Den minst förekommande varianten visade sig vara SHV (2 isolat). En ökad antibiotikaresistens kan leda till svårigheter att behandla vissa vanliga infektioner som urinvägsinfektioner och infektioner efter bukoperationer. Med tanke på att E. coli är en vanlig tarmbakterie är det viktigt att motverka uppkomst och spridning av ESBL. En genotypisk karaktärisering av förekommande ESBL-stammar i Kronoberg är därför en viktig del av övervakningen.
83

Laribacter hongkongensis: investigations for other freshwater-related reservoir and differential susceptibilitiesto {221}-lactams in different environmental temperatures

Lee, Chun-kong, Leo, 李振江 January 2007 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences
84

Cloning and characterization of chromosomal class C {221}-Lactamase and its regulatory gene in Laribacter hongkongensis

Li, Wai-shan., 李慧珊. January 2005 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Microbiology / Master / Master of Philosophy
85

Beta-lactamase mediated resistance in Escherichia Coli isolated from state hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal.

Mocktar, Chunderika. January 2008 (has links)
Escherichia coli, one of the most common pathogens causing urinary tract infections, has shown increased resistance to commonly used antibiotics. In this study we analyzed the β-lactamase profiles of 38 inhibitor-resistant E. coli isolates obtained from public hospitals at three different levels of healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal, selected on the basis of their resistance profiles to the three antibiotic/inhibitor combinations, viz., amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/ sulbactam and piperacillin/ tazobactam. The isolates were subjected to MIC determinations, IEF analysis, plasmid profile analysis, PCR of the different β-lactamase genes and sequencing thereof to detect the possible mechanism/s of resistance. A range of β-lactamases including two novel inhibitor-resistant TEM β-lactamases, TEM-145 and TEM-146 were detected in two isolates whilst a novel plasmid-mediated AmpC-type β-lactamase, CMY-20 was detected in three isolates. Other β-lactamases included OXA-1, TEM-55, SHV-2, CTX-M-l and TEM-1. Changes were detected in the chromosomal AmpC promoter/attenuator regions in one isolate. Diverse β-lactamase genes and plasmid profiles inferred extensive mobilization of β-lactamase genes causing the concern of limited therapeutic options in the face of increasing resistance. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2008.
86

Experimental acute otitis media : aspects on treatment, protection and structural changes /

Westman, Eva, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
87

Antibiotic susceptibility and B-lactamase production of clinically isolated anaerobic bacteria /

Siripan Wongwanich, Monthree Chulasamaya, January 1983 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology))--Mahidol University, 1983.
88

Expression, degradation, and applications of Escherichia coli TolA-beta-lactamase fusion proteins /

Cooper, Kerri W. January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [80]-88).
89

Species specific susceptibility testing for [beta]-lactam antibiotics with special reference to staphylococci /

Petersson, Ann Cathrine. January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Thesis statement on t.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references.
90

Study on b-lactamases in shigella flexneri isolated in Hong Kong and Shanghai /

Siu, Leung-kei, Kris. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 129-150).

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