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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Die Komposition der Reden in der Ilias /

Lohmann, Dieter. January 1970 (has links)
Inaugural-Dissertation--Philosophische Fakultät--Tübingen, 1967. / Bibliogr. p. 289-293. Index.
2

Design and Synthesis of Naphthalene Diimides Based Small Molecules as Anticancer Agents: Targeting the Polyamine Transporter, G-quadruplex Structures and HDAC

Marchetti, Chiara <1987> 09 April 2015 (has links)
Cancer is a multifactorial disease characterized by a very complex etiology. Basing on its complex nature, a promising therapeutic strategy could be based by the “Multi-Target-Directed Ligand” (MTDL) approach, based on the assumption that a single molecule could hit several targets responsible for the pathology. Several agents acting on DNA are clinically used, but the severe deriving side effects limit their therapeutic application. G-quadruplex structures are DNA secondary structures located in key zones of human genome; targeting quadruplex structures could allow obtaining an anticancer therapy more free from side effects. In the last years it has been proved that epigenetic modulation can control the expression of human genes, playing a crucial role in carcinogenesis and, in particular, an abnormal expression of histone deacetylase enzymes are related to tumor onset and progression. This thesis deals with the design and synthesis of new naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives endowed with anticancer activity, interacting with DNA together with other targets implicated in cancer development, such as HDACs. NDI-polyamine and NDI-polyamine-hydroxamic acid conjugates have been designed with the aim to provide potential MTDLs, in order to create molecules able simultaneously to interact with different targets involved in this pathology, specifically the G-quadruplex structures and HDAC, and to exploit the polyamine transport system to get selectively into cancer cells. Macrocyclic NDIs have been designed with the aim to improve the quadruplex targeting profile of the disubstituted NDIs. These compounds proved the ability to induce a high and selective stabilization of the quadruplex structures, together with cytotoxic activities in the micromolar range. Finally, trisubstituted NDIs have been developed as G-quadruplex-binders, potentially effective against pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, all these studies may represent a promising starting point for the development of new interesting molecules useful for the treatment of cancer, underlining the versatility of the NDI scaffold.
3

I "governi del Presidente" / The "Head of State’s governments"

Pattaro, Elena <1987> 29 May 2015 (has links)
Gli avvenimenti politico-istituzionali degli ultimi anni hanno determinato un vivace dibattito sulla questione dei cc.dd. “governi del Presidente”, con cui si suole far riferimento ad Esecutivi il cui procedimento di formazione e le cui crisi registrano un interventismo del Presidente della Repubblica superiore a quello richiesto e/o consentito dal dettato costituzionale. Obiettivo dell’elaborato è duplice: fornire un tentativo definitorio della categoria “governi del Presidente”, nonché valutare la compatibilità di questa con la forma di governo parlamentare, soprattutto in considerazione dei recenti sviluppi delle dinamiche politico-istituzionali italiane. Sulla base di questo presupposto, nel presente lavoro si procede a una ricostruzione dell’evoluzione della prassi e delle consuetudini costituzionali in merito all’esercizio dei poteri presidenziali nella gestione delle crisi di governo, con particolare riferimento al procedimento di formazione dell’Esecutivo. La tesi si presenta articolata in due parti, corrispondenti a due differenti periodi storici (cc.dd. Prima e Seconda Repubblica), organizzate per capitoli, relativi alle principali fasi di evoluzione del sistema politico attraversate nel corso della storia della Repubblica. Questa scelta si giustifica in ragione del fatto che il modus operandi del Presidente della Repubblica risulta fortemente condizionato dai mutamenti del contesto politico-istituzionale. Nei singoli paragrafi, dedicati ai presidenti, vengono trattati l’elezione del Presidente, le modalità di formazione dei governi nominati, nonché ulteriori temi la cui disamina è stata ritenuta opportuna allo scopo di fornire una contestualizzazione più adeguata dell’analisi svolta (utilizzo del potere di esternazione e di scioglimento delle Camere, gestione delle attività di politica interna e politica estera, principali avvenimenti dei periodi storici considerati, e così via). / The subject of the research is the so-called "Head of State’s governments". This formula refers to the constitutional role of the President in relation to the appointment of the prime minister, the formation and dissolution of governments, and so on. In other word, main issue is whether the enlargement of powers of the Head of State in Italy is compatible with the Constitution. The research has two purposes. The first one is to investigate what exactly the constitutional doctrine means with "Head of State’s government". The second one is to evaluate the compatibility of this kind of government with the Italian parliamentary form of government. The thesis contains the analysis of role of the praxis and the constitutional conventions in the evolution of the prerogatives of the Head of State in the formation of the governments. The thesis is structured as follows. It contains two main parts, according to a division in two main periods of the Italian Republic history (the First Republic and the Second Republic). Each part contains chapters, which are related to political phases. In fact, the activity of the Head of State is strictly influenced by the political context. Moreover, each paragraph is committed to a Head of State and gives information on the election, the governments, and other relevant topics (such as the moral suasion prerogative, the dissolution of the Parliament and some important historical events).
4

Evolutionary epigenetics of modern human populations

Giuliani, Cristina <1986> 12 May 2015 (has links)
Epigenetic variability is a new mechanism for the study of human microevolution, because it creates both phenotypic diversity within an individual and within population. This mechanism constitutes an important reservoir for adaptation in response to new stimuli and recent studies have demonstrated that selective pressures shape not only the genetic code but also DNA methylation profiles. The aim of this thesis is the study of the role of DNA methylation changes in human adaptive processes, considering the Italian peninsula and macro-geographical areas. A whole-genome analysis of DNA methylation profile across the Italian penisula identified some genes whose methylation levels differ between individuals of different Italian districts (South, Centre and North of Italy). These genes are involved in nitrogen compound metabolism and genes involved in pathogens response. Considering individuals with different macro-geographical origins (individuals of Asians, European and African ancestry) more significant DMRs (differentially methylated regions) were identified and are located in genes involved in glucoronidation, in immune response as well as in cell comunication processes. A "profile" of each ancestry (African, Asian and European) was described. Moreover a deepen analysis of three candidate genes (KRTCAP3, MAD1L and BRSK2) in a cohort of individuals of different countries (Morocco, Nigeria, China and Philippines) living in Bologna, was performed in order to explore genetic and epigenetic diversity. Moreover this thesis have paved the way for the application of DNA methylation for the study of hystorical remains and in particular for the age-estimation of individuals starting from biological samples (such as teeth or blood). Noteworthy, a mathematical model that considered methylation values of DNA extracted from cementum and pulp of living individuals can estimate chronological age with high accuracy (median absolute difference between age estimated from DNA methylation and chronological age was 1.2 years).
5

Cannabinoid system combined to classic targets for a new MTDL strategy: design and synthesis of natural inspired molecules for Alzheimer's disease

Montanari, Serena <1986> January 1900 (has links)
In this thesis is described the design and synthesis of potential agents for the treatment of the multifactorial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our multi-target approach was to consider cannabinoid system involved in AD, together with classic targets. In the first project, designed modifications were performed on lead molecule in order to increase potency and obtain balanced activities on fatty acid amide hydrolase and cholinesterases. A small library of compounds was synthesized and biological results showed increased inhibitory activity (nanomolar range) related to selected target. The second project was focused on the benzofuran framework, a privileged structure being a common moiety found in many biologically active natural products and therapeutics. Hybrid molecules were designed and synthesized, focusing on the inhibition of cholinesterases, Aβ aggregation, FAAH and on the interaction with CB receptors. Preliminary results showed that several compounds are potent CB ligands, in particular the high affinity for CB2 receptors, could open new opportunities to modulate neuroinflammation. The third and the fourth project were carried out at the IMS, Aberdeen, under the supervision of Prof. Matteo Zanda. The role of the cannabinoid system in the brain is still largely unexplored and the relationship between the CB1 receptors functional modification, density and distribution and the onset of a pathological state is not well understood. For this reasons, Rimonabant analogues suitable as radioligands were synthesized. The latter, through PET, could provide reliable measurements of density and distribution of CB1 receptors in the brain. In the fifth project, in collaboration with CHyM of York, the goal was to develop arginine analogues that are target specific due to their exclusively location into NOS enzymes and could work as MRI contrasting agents. Synthesized analogues could be suitable substrate for the transfer of polarization by p-H2 molecules through SABRE technique transforming MRI a more sensitive and faster technique.
6

Original analytical methods for the determination of psychoactive compounds in complex matrices

Morganti, Emanuele <1980> January 1900 (has links)
This thesis work aims to develop original analytical methods for the determination of drugs with a potential for abuse, for the analysis of substances used in the pharmacological treatment of drug addiction in biological samples and for the monitoring of potentially toxic compounds added to street drugs. In fact reliable analytical techniques can play an important role in this setting. They can be employed to reveal drug intake, allowing the identification of drug users and to assess drug blood levels, assisting physicians in the management of the treatment. Pharmacological therapy needs to be carefully monitored indeed in order to optimize the dose scheduling according to the specific needs of the patient and to discourage improper use of the medication. In particular, different methods have been developed for the detection of gamma-hydroxybutiric acid (GHB), prescribed for the treatment of alcohol addiction, of glucocorticoids, one of the most abused pharmaceutical class to enhance sport performance and of adulterants, pharmacologically active compounds added to illicit drugs for recreational purposes. All the presented methods are based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to various detectors (diode array detector, mass spectrometer). Biological samples pre-treatment was carried out using different extraction techniques, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE). Different matrices have been considered: human plasma, dried blood spots, human urine, simulated street drugs. These developed analytical methods are individually described and discussed in this thesis work.
7

Il sequenziamento massivo dell'esoma rivela nuovi target molecolari nella neoplasia blastica delle cellule dendritiche plasmocitoidi (BPDCN) / The massive exome sequencing reveals new molecular targets in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)

Melle, Federica <1987> January 1900 (has links)
La neoplasia Blastica di derivazione dagli elementi Dendritici Plasmacitoidi è una rara ed aggressiva neoplasia ematologica con una prognosi sfavorevole. Non esiste un regime terapeutico standard di prima linea per questi pazienti e solo pochi studi hanno finora esplorato la genetica del BPDCN mostrando un cariotipo complesso e alterazioni genetiche sporadiche. Lo scopo del nostro studio è stato quello di indagare, mediante sequenziamento massivo, lo stato mutazionale di tutto il genoma codificante di 15 casi di BPDCN e della linea cellulare CAL-1. Sulla base di questi dati, abbiamo seguito un approccio di target sequencing per validare, mediante la piattaforma Miseq, mutazioni in 36 geni selezionati. Il WES ha rivelato 199 SNV ricorrenti in 89 geni, tutti legati a condizioni patologiche. I geni più ricorrentemente mutati tra i campioni sono stati ASXL1 e TET2, due regolatori epigenetici, che giocano un ruolo cruciale nella metilazione del DNA e degli istoni e il loro danno porta ad alterazione della struttura della cromatina. Abbiamo quindi deciso di usare i nostri dati di sequenziamento per esplorare il rimodellamento della cromatina nel BPDCN, guardando lo stato mutazionale di tutti i geni coinvolti nella regolazione epigenetica del DNA. Abbiamo trovato 26 geni modificatori epigenetici mutati in quasi tutti i campioni, sei di questi colpiti da mutazioni stop-gain che hanno portato, presumibilmente, ad una perdita funzionale di attività. Partendo proprio da questo punto abbiamo deciso di procedere con la sperimentazione in vivo creando dei modelli murini somministrando 5-Azacitdina, Decitabina e Romidepsina da soli e in combinazione. Inoltre basandoci su studi pregressi abbiamo anche deciso di trattare i topi con Bortezomib. Queste sperimentazioni hanno portato a risultati incoraggianti, specialmente per il trattamento combinato dei topi con Decitabina e Azacitidina che ha portato a riduzione della massa tumorale e maggiore sopravvivenza dei topi trattati rispetto ad i controlli non trattati. / Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare but aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. There is no first-line standard treatment regimen established for patients with BPDCN and only a few studies explored the genetics of BPDCN showing a complex karyotype and sporadic genetic defects. The aim of our study was to investigate, using deep sequencing, the mutational status of all BPDCN coding genome in 15 BPDCN cases and the CAL-1 cell line. Based on these data, we designed a resequencing approach to identify mutations in 36 selected genes with Miseq platform. WES revealed 199 recurrent SNV (at least 2/16 cases) in 89 genes, all related to pathological conditions. The most recurrent mutated genes, among samples, were ASXL1 and TET2, two epigenetic regulators, that play a crucial role in DNA and histones methylation and their damage alter the chromatin structure. We thus decided to use our exome sequencing data to explore the chromatin remodelling of BPDCN, interrogating the mutational status of all the genes involved into the epigenetic regulation of DNA. We found 26 epigenetic modifier genes mutated in almost all samples and six of them are affected by stop gain mutations presumably leading to a functional loss of chromatin remodelling activity. Starting from this point, we decided to proceed with in vivo testing by creating mouse models by administering 5-Azacitdina, Decitabine and Romidepsine alone and in combination. In addition, we are relying on previous studies we have also decided to treat the mice with Bortezomib. These experiments have led to encouraging results, especially for the combined treatment of mice with Decitabine and Azacitidine, which led to tumor shrinkage and increased survival of treated mice compared to the untreated controls.
8

Il valore del precedente giurisprudenziale nell'ordinamento costituzionale / The authority of judicial precedent in the constitutional legal context

Martinuzzi, Alessandro <1986> 10 May 2016 (has links)
Il presupposto generale attorno al quale la ricerca si sviluppa è che l'esercizio della giurisdizione contribuisce significativamente a definire il diritto applicabile vigente. L'utilità di tale contributo, tuttavia, tende ad estendersi al di fuori dei termini di risoluzione della controversia ingenerando nel giudice la consapevolezza di offrire un riferimento imprescindibile per tutti i consociati.In un contesto nel quale le tecniche legislative dell'epoca delle grandi codificazioni si sono rivelate non più idonee a rendere conoscibili le norme dell'ordinamento, è l'attività interpretativa del giudice che finisce per costituire il presupposto principale per l'estrinsecazione del valore precettivo della legge. L'avvento delle giurisdizioni costituzionali e di quelle internazionali, così come il diffuso ricorso a forme di abrogazione implicita, hanno riposto nell'interprete il compito di rilevare quelle che qualcuno ha definito "norme intruse" , non soltanto ai fini della risoluzione della singola controversia, ma altresì per offrire a tutti i consociati uno strumento di conoscenza del "diritto vivente" di fondamentale importanza nella preservazione del principio di diritto. Si fa, prevalentemente, riferimento ai precedenti fissati dalla Corte Suprema i quali, in virtù della posizione apicale che questa occupa nell'ordinamento giudiziario , tendono ad essere espressione di una funzione nomofilattica che troppo spesso viene considerata mero retaggio del passato, mentre, oggi più che mai, è sentita l'esigenza di una uniforme interpretazione del diritto. Questa riflessione sul ruolo del precedente giurisprudenziale non è intesa, tuttavia, a demolire ogni distinzione tra tradizioni giuridiche millenarie, ma piuttosto a fornire nuovi strumenti di osservazione del fenomeno giurisdizionale e a dissociare categorie dogmatiche troppo spesso date per scontate. Il presente studio tenta modestamente di percorrere il pericoloso crinale tra filosofia giuridica, diritto costituzionale e procedura al fine di offrire conclusioni, forse meno rassicuranti, ma certamente più realistiche sul valore della giurisprudenza nell'epoca contemporanea. / The general assumption around which the research has been developed, is that the exercise of jurisdiction contributes significantly to define what is the current applicable law. The function of such a contribution, however, tends to go beyond the specific dispute giving the judge the awareness of providing an indispensable instrument for all the citizens.In a context where the legislative techniques of the time of the great codifications appear not fit to make the several laws knowable, the judicial interpretation turns out to constitute the main factor for providing a preceptive meaning of the legislative dispositions. The advent of the great constitutional and international jurisdictions, as well as the wide use of implicit abrogation, put the interpreter in charge with the task of finding the so-called "hidden norms", not only for the resolution of the single controversy, but also to provide all the citizens with an instrument for knowing the "living law" in order to comply with the rule of law. This instruments are generally recognized in the precedents of the Supreme Court which, by virtue of its apical position in the legal system, exercise a nomophylactic function that is too often underestimated. This consideration of the authority of judicial precedents is not aimed, though, to dismantle every distinctions between ancient legal traditions, but rather it is intended to provide new instruments of observation of the judicial phenomena and to dissociate dogmatic categories that are too often given for granted. The present study tries modestly to follow a dangerous path between legal philosophy, constitutional law and procedural rules in order to offer conclusions that are maybe less comforting, but certainly more realistic on the role of judicial precedents in present times.
9

Il Decreto Legge. L'esperienza albanese e quella italiana in un confronto / Decree-law. A comparison between Albanian and Italian experiences

Kanaj, Ilir <1976> January 1900 (has links)
La riflessione scientifica sulle fonti del diritto è al centro dell’interesse dei costituzionalisti. La formazione dello stato moderno ha determinato l’idea che identifica nello Stato il principale soggetto della produzione normativa. Tuttavia la forza disgregatrice di nuove collettività interne ed esterne allo stato ha messo in crisi il vecchio modello, inteso come forte aggregazione politica, senza sostituirlo con uno nuovo e lasciando il sistema delle fonti del diritto nella ben nota crisi di questi anni. La legge tende a perdere il contenuto tipico di generalità ed astrattezza e a confondersi sempre di più con gli atti provvedimento. Se l’esistenza della legge si distingue solo per i connotati formali e non per le sue caratteristiche sostanziali, allora solo le forme la distingueranno dagli atti normativi dell’esecutivo e in generale da quelli dell’amministrazione. Tale situazione implicherà da un lato l’incapacità dei parlamenti di produrre norme giuridiche di largo respiro capaci di regolare gli interessi che emergono dalla società civile e dall’altra una sorta di deresponsabilizzazione e non imparzialità da parte degli organi amministrativi. Nel presente studio, partendo da una analisi dello sviluppo della decretazione nella cornice dello stato liberale italiano, tenteremo di apprestare un’analisi parallela dello sviluppo del decreto legge nell’esperienza albanese. Il primo capitolo è un ripercorrere le tappe dello sviluppo della decretazione d’urgenza a partire dal quadro costituzionale offerto dallo Statuto Albertino per arrivare alla disciplina attuale. Nel secondo capitolo, rivolgendoci all’esperienza albanese, ripercorriamo brevemente le tappe dello sviluppo storico dello stato a partire dal Congresso di Vlora cercando di intercettare nella esigua letteratura le tracce del decreto legge, per poi giungere all’analisi della sistemazione odierna. Infine nell’ultimo capitolo, esamineremo brevemente alcune esperienze europee per individuare la loro scelta rispetto alle competenze normative attribuite agli organi esecutivi pur nel rispetto del principio di separazione dei poteri che le accomuna tutte. / The scientific reflection on the sources of law is an issue of main interest for constitutionalists. The formation of the modern State has determined the idea that identifies in the State the central body of legislative function. However, the disintegrating force of new internal and external collectivities has put under discussion the old model, intended as a strong political aggregation, without replacing it with a new one and leaving the system of the sources of law in the well-known current crisis. The statute-book law is losing the typical content of generality and abstract nature by increasingly being confused with decree law. If the existence of law is distinguished exclusively for its formal connotations and for the substantial characteristics, than only the forms will distinguish it from the normative acts(decree-law) of the Government and in general from those of the public administration. This situation implies, on one side, the incapacity of the legislative power to produce legal norms of large scale capable to regulate the interests emerging from the civil society and, on the other side, a sort non-impartiality and a loss of responsibility by the administrative bodies. In the first chapter is offered an overview of the development of the decree-law function starting from the Albertin Statute till the current Italian experience. In the second chapter is developed an analytic tableau of the historical evolution of the same institute starting from the Congress of Vlora, with the intention to intercept in the scarce interested doctrine, in order to arrive to a systemic present analyze. For last, in the third chapter are shortly examined some current European experiences in the field of the delegation of legislative powers and functions to the executive branch in full respect of the principle of separation of powers distinguishing all of them.
10

Profili costituzionali dell'integrazione europea multilivello. Le esperienze di Italia e Francia / Constitutional profiles of the multilevel european integration. The experience of Italy and France

Sorbello, Chiara <1988> January 1900 (has links)
La tesi si propone di indagare l’incidenza dei processi di integrazione sovranazionale sulle singole esperienze costituzionali, nel contesto di una prospettiva teorica consapevole delle molteplici interconnessioni sussistenti tra processi di integrazione sovranazionale e relazioni tra ordinamenti giuridici. L’obiettivo è quello di rappresentare ed evidenziare, in siffatto contesto multilivello, i processi dinamici che hanno riguardato e caratterizzano taluni aspetti dell’ordinamento costituzionale nella dimensione sovranazionale ed infrastatale. La prospettiva involge altresì un’analisi di tipo comparatistico, attraverso la quale si sono trattate in parallelo i caratteri di due esperienze nazionali, anche al fine di ricostruire i canali di comunicazione fra le culture costituzionali, e far emergere i punti di contatto ed i più significativi elementi di diversità tra i modelli accolti. Lo studio si muove lungo tre principali direttrici, cui corrispondono le tre parti dell’elaborato, volte ad approfondire gli aspetti più rilevanti del fenomeno in esame. Nel primo capitolo vengono esaminate le dinamiche evolutive dei rapporti tra il processo di integrazione europea e le Carte costituzionali, con l’intento di evidenziare come esse siano divenute gli elementi fondanti ed essenziali di siffatta struttura composita. Il secondo capitolo si sofferma ad analizzare il contributo della Corte di giustizia e delle giurisdizioni costituzionali allo sviluppo del contesto comunicativo euro-nazionale, con l’obiettivo di valutarne l’apporto in termini di armonizzazione del processo di integrazione interordinamentale. L’accento è altresì posto sull’evoluzione del dialogo tra le Corti e sul ruolo affidato alle giurisdizioni costituzionali. Infine, nel terzo capitolo muovendo dall’accento posto dal paradigma del costituzionalismo multilivello sull’esigenza di rinforzare la legittimazione democratica dell’Unione europea, sfruttando sino in fondo le risorse proprie della rappresentanza parlamentare, nel Parlamento europeo come nei Parlamenti nazionali, ci si sofferma nello specifico sul ricorso ad alcuni strumenti volti al rafforzamento del contesto comunicativo della rappresentanza parlamentare nel contesto europeo, nonché sulla relativa attuazione a livello nazionale. / The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the impact of the European integration process on the basis of national constitutional and institutional system, in a general context of a theoretical perspective aware of the interconnection between the supranational integration processes and the national legal order. The main purpose is to analyse, in such multilevel contest, the dynamic processes concerning the constitutional systems. The analysis also involves a comparative approach, through which the experiences of Italy and France are considered and studied in parallel. The study focuses on three main areas, to which the three chapters are linked. In the first chapter, the evolutionary dynamics of the relationships between the European integration process and the Constitutions are taken into consideration, with the aim of highlighting how the Constitutions become the fundamental elements of such "compound structure". The second chapter analyses the role of the Court of justice as well as of the constitutional jurisdictions in the development of the euro-national communicative system, with the aim to evaluate the harmonization of such integration process. In this regard, attention is also paid to the evolution of the dialogue between Courts and, more precisely, to the role of the constitutional courts. Lastly, in line with the "multilevel constitutionalism in action" perspective and with the need to enhance the democratic legitimacy of the European Union (also) by exploiting the Parliamentary sources, both at the European and national level, the third part of the present work focuses the attention on some mechanism considered necessary to deepen such Parliamentary representation.

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