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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Synthèse d'hétérocycles oxygénés (y-lactols, y-buténolides) par voie radicalaire : étude de la stéréoselectivité de la réaction et applications

Rouaud, Jean-Christophe 25 October 2017 (has links)
La préparation de y-lactols et méthylène-y-lactols a été réalisée via un processus monotope, alternative efficace à la réaction de Ueno-Stork, qui implique la cyclisation radicalaire d’acétal aluminiques alpha-halogéné à basse température. La réaction d’oxydation in situ des espèces aluminiques obtenues après cyclisation de type 5-exo-dig permet de conduire à des buténolides énantio-enrichis polysubstitués dans des conditions très douces. Cette approche a été comparée avec des conditions de cyclisation classiques d’esters alphahalogénés à plus haute température. Des expériences de marquage au deutérium ont permis de mettre en évidence le transfert 1-5 d’atome d’hydrogène (1,5- HAT) qui se produisent à haute température et les conséquences de celle-ci dans l’épimérisation de centres stéréogènes. Une étude mécanistique combinant des analyses RMN 13C-Inept DOSY à basse température et des calculs DFT nous a permis de proposer une structure pour les espèces aluminiques impliquées et de réaliser une étude de la diastéréosélectivité des réactions de cyclisation 5-exo-trig et 5-exo-dig. Cette étude in silico nous ont permis d’envisager un contrôle du centre C3 lors de la cyclisation grâce à un transfert de chiralité du centre acétalique, formé de façon stéréosélective par réduction d’esters alpha-halogénés énantiomériquement enrichis. Ces prédictions ont été validées à travers la synthèse de diols 1-4 et dans l’élaboration de motifs tétrahydrofuranes tétrasubstitués optiquement enrichis. / The preparation of y-lactols and methylene-y-lactols was achieved via a one-pot procedure, which represents a useful alternative to the classical Ueno-Stork reaction and involves the radical cyclisation of alphahaloaluminium acetals at low temperature. The oxidation in situ of the cyclic aluminium acetal species resulting from a 5-exo-dig process led to enantioenriched butenolides under mild reaction conditions. This approach compared favorably with the classical reaction conditions for the cyclisation of alphabromoesters at high temperature. Deuterium-labelling experiments allowed us to highlight 1,5-hydrogen atom transfers that occur at thigh temperature and are responsible for epimerization reactions. A mechanistic study combining 13C-Inept DOSY NMR analyses at low temperature and DFT calculations allowed us to propose a structure for the aluminium acetal species involved and to conduct a systematic study of the diastereoselectivity of the 5-exo-trig and 5- exo-dig radical cyclisation. Thanks to this study in silico, the control of stereocentre at C3 could be envisaged via a chirality transfer from the aluminium acetal centre, obtained in a diastereoselective reduction of enantioenriched bromoesters. This prediction proved to be correct and was illustrated through the stereoselective synthesis of diols 1-4 and tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofurans.
2

Samarium(II) mediated radical cascades of keto esters for the generation of molecular complexity

Plesniak, Mateusz January 2018 (has links)
A highly regio- and diastereoselective approach towards complex 6-membered lactones was developed using allyl/propargyl benzyl ethers and delta keto esters. Crucially, the classical ET reagent SmI2 gave unsatisfactory results and it was necessary to develop and screen new Sm(II) cyclopentadienyl complexes to deliver high selectivity in the transformation. The methodology was extended to a one-pot approach to complex cycloheptanols using SmI2-H2O in a second stage of the process. Samarium(II) folding cascades were developed where simple, linear starting materials are converted to complex polycyclic architectures bearing multiple stereocentres. It was found that, depending on the sidechain in the starting material, it was possible to achieve four different pathways from the common radical intermediate. Crucially, transannular 1,5-HAT from tertiary and benzylic positions was observed to give diverse products. A proposed 1,5-HAT facilitated SmI2-mediated 6-membered lactone radical cyclisations for the first time without an activating proton donor additive. Enantioselective samarium(II) mediated cyclisation cascades were achieved, where simple beta keto esters are converted to complex polycyclic architectures bearing up to five contiguous stereocentres with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol. In the process, a simple and easy to prepare chiral aminodiol was employed which could be recycled after the reaction. Unprecedented, enantioselective transannular radical cascades allowed access to unique 3- dimensional scaffolds inaccessible by other synthetic methods.

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