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Recherche d'indicateurs d'inattention en conduite automobile : apports des mesures physiologiques et comportementales / Searching for inattention indicators during driving : contribution of physiological and behavioral measurementPepin, Guillaume 10 December 2018 (has links)
Le Vagabondage de la Pensée (VP) est un état d’inattention particulier que chacun expérience au quotidien et qui consiste,pour un individu en un changement de l’orientation de son attention vers des pensées personnelles. Dans le cas de la conduiteautomobile, le VP a de nombreux effets négatifs générant un risque accru d’être impliqué et responsable d’un accident.L’objectif de cette thèse était d’abord de mieux décrire l’impact du VP sur les variables physiologiques et comportementales duconducteur afin de dresser une liste des indicateurs sensibles à cet état. Le VP en agissant comme une tâche additionnelle à laconduite, consommerait une partie des ressources cognitives du conducteur. Il convenait donc de rechercher, par une approcheexpérimentale, un indicateur de l’effort cognitif en conduite automobile. Comme la multiplicité des pensées et de leurscaractéristiques pourraient créer différents niveaux de risque pour le conducteur, il apparaissait pertinent d’étudier l’impact de ces différentes formes d’inattention sur la conduite.Les résultats des différents travaux menés montrent que la variation du rythme cardiaque est sensible à l’effort cognitif enconduite simulée. Une solution possible pour améliorer cet indicateur en vue d’atteindre une détection temps réel de l’effortcognitif, a été proposée à un concours international : le Valeo Innovation Challenge de 2016. Un second indicateur a étéidentifié : le regard du conducteur lorsque celui-ci est en VP est plus fixe que lors d’épisodes d’attention vers la conduite. Enfin,l’analyse des mesures électroencéphalographiques a révélé que le VP diminue l’attention allouée aux différentes étapes (sensorielle et cognitive) du traitement de l’information visuelle en conduite simulée. Ainsi, l’effet de différents types de pensée sur le comportement oculaire, le traitement de l’information visuelle et sur l’indicateur d’effort mis en évidence a renseigné le degré d’interférence de différents types de pensée sur l’activité de conduite.Les résultats de cette thèse montrent qu’il semble prometteur d’aller encore plus loin dans la recherche d’indicateurs sensiblesau vagabondage et possiblement aux autres états internes du conducteur pour pallier leurs effets négatifs sur l’activité deconduite. La mise en commun par une technique de fusion de données, des indicateurs sensibles au VP pourrait permettre, dans le futur, de créer des algorithmes à même de superviser le conducteur. L’automatisation progressive des véhicules couplée à une surveillance intelligente des conducteurs pourrait permettre de limiter le risque d’accident et les coûts humains, sociétaux et économiques qui leur sont imputables. / Mind-Wandering (MW) is a particular state of inattention that everyone experience in daily tasks. It involves a change of anindividual attentional focus, from the main activity to personal thoughts. During driving, MW has many negative effectsenhancing the risk of being involved and responsible for a car accident.The objective of this thesis was to better describe the impact of MW on drivers’ physiological and behavioral variables to drawup a list of sensitive indicators to this state. MW, acting as an additional task to driving, would consume some of driver'scognitive resources. It was therefore necessary to search, by an experimental approach, an indicator of cognitive effort in driving.As the multiplicity of thoughts and their characteristics could create different levels of risk for the driver, it seemed relevant tostudy the impact of these different forms of inattention on driving.Results of various work conducted, show that heart rate change is sensitive to cognitive effort during simulated driving. A possible solution to improve this indicator and try to achieve a real-time detection of cognitive effort has been proposed to an international competition: the 2016 Valeo Innovation Challenge. Another indicator has been identified: driver's eyes appeared to be more staring during MW than during episodes of attention dedicated to driving. Lastly, analysis of electroencephalographicmeasurements revealed that MW decreases attention allocated to the different stages (sensory and cognitive) of visual information processing during simulated driving. Thus, the effect of different types of thoughts on ocular behavior, visual information processing, and on the cognitive effort indicator previously highlighted, informed about the degree of interference of different types of thoughts on the driving activity.The results of this thesis show that it seems promising to go even further in the search for indicators sensitive to MW and possibly other internal states to mitigate their negative effects on the driving activity. Gathering MW sensitive indicators, using atechnique of data fusion, could allow, in the future, the possibility to create algorithms able to supervise the driver. The gradualautomation of vehicles coupled with intelligent monitoring of drivers could limit the risk of accidents and human, societal andeconomic costs that are attributable to them.
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The predictive validity of learning potential and English language proficiency for work performance of candidate engineersMphokane, Adelaide January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this research was (1) to provide empirical data of learning potential and English language proficiency for work performance; (2) to establish whether race and gender influence work performance; (3) to evaluate practical utility and to propose recommendations for selection purposes. The Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test and the English Literacy Skills Assessment were used as measuring instruments to measure learning potential and English language proficiency respectively. Work performance data were obtained from the normal performance data system of the company where the research was conducted. ANOVA results showed differences between race and gender groupings. A regression analysis confirmed the predictive validity of learning potential and English language proficiency on work performance. The Spearman rho correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) showed a significant positive correlation between the investigated variables / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. A. (Industrial & Organisational Psychology)
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The predictive validity of learning potential and English language proficiency for work performance of candidate engineersMphokane, Adelaide 06 1900 (has links)
The aim of this research was (1) to provide empirical data of learning potential and English language proficiency for work performance; (2) to establish whether race and gender influence work performance; (3) to evaluate practical utility and to propose recommendations for selection purposes. The Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test and the English Literacy Skills Assessment were used as measuring instruments to measure learning potential and English language proficiency respectively. Work performance data were obtained from the normal performance data system of the company where the research was conducted. ANOVA results showed differences between race and gender groupings. A regression analysis confirmed the predictive validity of learning potential and English language proficiency on work performance. The Spearman rho correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) showed a significant positive correlation between the investigated variables / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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