The thesis explores a 5-year period in the political history of Spain. It looks at a series of political processes and projects, beginning with the 15M/Indignados social movement. These projects go from 15M in 2011 to the creation of new digital platforms for participatory democracy for the city of Barcelona in 2016. The thesis defends the idea that these cases add up to a cycle of political contention, which is defined as “the 15M cycle of contention”. It supports the idea that a core thread throughout the cycle has been the challenging of the liberal representative model of democracy and some of its key social forms, primarily in discourse, but also in practice. The cases within the cycle vindicated, and experimented with, alternative forms and practices of democracy. Concretely, they tried to move away from the current liberal representative model, preeminent since XVIII century, towards a more participatory one. The thesis also defends the argument that a key driver of these democratic experiments has been “technopolitics”, otherwise, practices and processes that hybridize politics and technologies (particularly, information and communication technologies). The thesis focuses on three paradigmatic cases of the 15M cycle of contention: 15M itself, a social movement born in 2011; the X party, a new party created in 2013 by 15M activists; and Decidim.barcelona, a digital platform for participation, launched in early 2016 by the Barcelona City Council, designed by people involved in previous projects within the 15M cycle. The first of these three cases covers the sphere of social movements and civil society, the second, that of political parties, and the third, that of the State at the municipal level. I look at the discourses and the practices of democracy in these processes and projects, and whether they innovate or not in relation to pre-existing political forms in social movements, political parties, and the State. In every case I look at the technopolitics deployed by the actors involved. For analyzing such technopolitics, I look at three main elements: discourses, practices, and technological infrastructures. These are used, respectively, as the main entry into the semantics, the pragmatics and the syntax of technopolitics. As a complementary view, I look beyond the cases and into the cycle. Concretely, to the variations in discourses on democracy and technopolitical practices. I suggest that the cycle as a whole can be conceived as: a) a process of “reassembling of democracy”, a reassembling oriented towards a democratization of the political field (and society more broadly) beyond the liberal representative model; and b) as a case of “technopolitical contention”, in which political struggles have been organically connected to technological practices. Since, differently from traditional democratization processes from XVIII century onwards, this one has not been oriented to establish but to challenge the structures of liberal representative democracy (f.i.: the current structure and centrality of representation, traditional political parties, Parliaments, etc.), I define it as an attempt at “alter-democratization”. I also show that this alter-democratization process challenges not only the forms, but also the ontology of liberal representative democracy, concretely, some of its key subjective and collective forms, as well as its key modes of political relation. By looking at civil society, parties and State institutions I try to map changes in various areas of the political field in liberal democracies. In that sense, the cycle has pointed towards (although has not always succeeded in bringing about) alternative political ontologies and forms of life. In order to analyze both the cycle and the three key cases under study, I have recurred to a multi-method and multi-disciplinary approach. I have primarily relied on qualitative methods, such as participant observation, fieldwork, interviews, and digital materials (blog posts, journals, etc.). I spent more than 5 years as participant in various 15M cycle projects. Secondarily, I have used quantitative methods: along with fellow activists and researchers, in 2014 we ran a digital survey that gathered 1000+ responses among 15M participants. Finally, I have also used social network analysis methods to map activity on social networks. In terms of disciplines, I primarily draw resources from political science, sociology, philosophy, and STS.

no / Cellular beams are the preferred form of long span construction in multi-storey buildings. For efficient design of composite cellular beams, asymmetric sections are often manufactured in which the bottom flange is larger than the top flange. A further innovation is in the use of 80mm deep deck profiles which allows beam spacing to be increased to 4.5m, and so the effective slab width acting compositely with the long span beams is also increased. The values for shear connector (stud) resistance given in Eurocode 4 (EN 1994-1-1), when used in combination with these modern decking profiles, have led to problems in achieving the minimum degree of shear connection for composite beams in comparison to the former BS 5950-3. For secondary beams, the number of shear connectors that can be accommodated in a span is limited by the spacing of the deck ribs (typically 300mm for deep trapezoidal profiles), and it is found that even for pairs of shear connectors per deck rib, it is impossible to satisfy the shear connection rules in Eurocode 4 for long span asymmetric beams. SCI, with support from the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, is on the way to resolving this problem in design to Eurocode 4, and has completed a test on a 15.3m composite cellular beam at the University of Bradford. This is believed to be the longest composite cellular beam test ever carried out. The test was part-sponsored by ASD Westok.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-13T18:57:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO CARVALHO_.pdf: 1301277 bytes, checksum: 0ca5bcef3fc39fd48017e8d1883e7c49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T18:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO CARVALHO_.pdf: 1301277 bytes, checksum: 0ca5bcef3fc39fd48017e8d1883e7c49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese busca fazer uma cartografia dos movimentos espanhóis 15M e okupa. A cartografia, que diz respeito a uma percepção molecular, ajuda a pensar os dois objetos em sua potência. O movimento okupa e o 15M são expressões da multidão e experimentam certos devires. Multidão e devir são conceitos, respectivamente, de Negri e Hardt e Deleuze e Guattari, autores centrais na pesquisa. A aproximação com os dois movimentos, sempre orientada pela percepção molecular, se dá a partir de algumas linhas: as mídias de resistência, as mídias de massa e a teoria acadêmica. Porém, quanto ao movimento okupa, se soma um trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado em Barcelona, em 2014. As tomadas da cidade no formato de manifestações, ocupações de praças e edifícios, típica dos dois movimentos, por serem divulgadas à exaustão pelas mídias, formam a matéria principal da tese. Este trabalho se justifica pela intensidade de lutas ocorridas nos últimos anos que apresentam um comum: a forma em rede sem líderes e a radicalidade democrática. As lutas, as quais atravessam o Ocidente e também o Brasil, são objetos que devem ser pesquisados para uma compreensão atual da multidão. O trabalho está situado em um programa de comunicação, pois as mídias são extremamente importantes para os movimentos contemporâneos. O campo da comunicação é pensado também a partir da cartografia, como um devir experimentado por inúmeras disciplinas, ou seja, tem uma potência própria que difere da tentativa de sua constituição. Os conceitos de identidade, poder disciplinar, devir, sociedade de controle, transversalidade, como a obra de Foucault, Cocco e Lazzarato, acompanham todo o trabalho. O centro da tese se realiza na construção de dez conceitos, próprios ao devir-revolucionário da multidão; devir que se refere à atualidade dos movimentos e não ao projeto futuro que os acompanha. / Esta tesis tiene como objetivo hacer un mapa de los movimientos españoles 15M e okupa. La cartografía, que se refiere a la percepción molecular, ayuda a pensar en los dos objetos en su potencia. Los movimiento 15M y okupa son expresiones de la multitud y experimentan algunos devenires. Multitud y devenir son conceptos, respectivamente, de Negri y Hardt y Deleuze y Guattari, autores centrales de la investigación. La aproximación con los dos movimientos, siempre guiada por la percepción molecular, se lleva a cabo desde algunas líneas: los medios de comunicación de la multitud, los medios de comunicación masivos y la teoría académica. Pero en cuanto a los okupas, añade un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en Barcelona en 2014. La ciudad tomada en formato de manifestaciones, ocupaciones de plazas y edificios, típicos de los dos movimientos, así como otros contemporáneos de Occidente, que se divulgará por los medios de comunicación, constituyen el objeto central de la tesis. Este trabajo se justifica por la intensidad de luchas que se produjeron en los últimos años que tienen un común: la red, sin líderes, e lo radicalismo democrático. Las luchas, que cruzan muchos países y también Brasil, son objetos que se deben investigar para una comprensión actual de la multitud. Este trabajo se encuentra en un programa de comunicaciones, debido a que los medios de comunicación son muy importantes para los movimientos contemporáneos. La comunicación también se mapeo, pues es experimentada por muchas disciplinas, permitiendo un devenir comunicación de campos diversos, o sea tiene su propio poder que se diferencia del intento de su constitución. Los conceptos de identidad, poder disciplinario, devenir, sociedad de control, transversalidad, como la obra de Foucault, Cocco y Lazzarato acompañan todo el trabajo. El centro de la tesis se lleva a cabo en la construcción de diez conceptos propios al devenir-revolucionario de la multitud, que se refiere a la actualidad de los movimientos y no el futuro proyecto que les acompaña.

Four years ago, on May 15th 2011, we witnessed in the Spanish State ‘something’ that was quickly and popularly referred to as 15M or the Indignados. Since that day, 15M has had a tremendous impact on the way a large part of the Spanish population understands itself and its response-abilities and rights. In addition, 15M has affected the way in which a large part of the Spanish population understands its environment and those living-beings with whom said environment is co-created and co-inhabited. In this essay I immerse myself in an on-going non-disciplinary, multi-traditional multilogue with individuals being 15M. What I witness, feels and looks like a complex; mutating and dialogic; collective and cooperative; agonistic and transformative 'climate' that many refer to as el clima 15M (15m climate). Allowing different 15M wisdoms to frame the research, I envision this essay as an attempt at gaining a dialogical understanding of what it is that we might be speaking of when referring to 15M. Through this exploration, I seek to place my work within the sketched parameters of what James Tully refers to as public philosophy. The essay engages with individuals being 15M and with the vast literature in Spain around 15M and party-movement Podemos by academics and participants, and the European literature around populism, horizontality and Podemos grounded in Antonio Gramsci. It also draws on reciprocal elucidation literature in theory and in participatory, community-based social science. Moreover, the essay enters into dialogue with a whole body of literature on instrumental versus constitutive means-ends views of political change going back to Mahatma Gandhi and forward to Aldous Huxley, Richard Gregg, Hannah Arendt, Robert Young, Gene Sharp and Cesar Chavez. By giving ‘perspicuous representation’ or thick description of 15M by means of reciprocal elucidation, I am able to make a unique contribution to the theoretical literature on reciprocal elucidation and public philosophy. I am also able to disclose the field of 15M (the phenomenon) in a way that shows it to be different from the way 15M appears in other theoretical frames. Finally, the use of this method of reciprocal elucidation makes a unique contribution to community-based and engaged forms of social scientific research. / Graduate / 0422 / 0615 / 0344 / pouziel@uvic.ca

This doctoral thesis was commissioned to examine and shed light on the transmedia theory as a contemporary narrative, immersed in the new forms of political activism. Therefore, it analyzes the current context from the forms of relationship and the typologies of communication convergence. This approach intends to analyze the scenarios which have arisen from "The Information Age", where the consumer has emerged as the new, leading protagonist in the production of content. On this basis, the hypothesis of this research proposes a variation of the notions of collectivity / individuality as well as a fragmentation of the narratives through the hyperconnectivity inserted in the everyday life. Finally, the 15M movement and its consequences is the cornerstone from which it demonstrates the power of this narrative (usually linked to consumption) as a communicative strategy, capable of combining the sphere of mass media, activist organization and amateur contribution, elaborating a study of different cases that allow the definition of theoretical postulates arisen from the study. / La presente Tesis Doctoral estudia y desgrana la teoría transmediática como una narrativa contemporánea inmersa en las nuevas formas de activismo político. Para ello, realiza un análisis del contexto actual desde las formas de relación y las tipologías de convergencia comunicativa. Este planteamiento pretende examinar los escenarios surgidos desde la era de la información en la que la figura del consumidor se revela como un nuevo papel protagonista en la producción de contenido. A partir de ahí, la hipótesis de esta investigación plantea una variación de las nociones de colectividad/individualidad así como una fragmentación de las narraciones a través de la hiperconectividad inserta en la cotidianeidad. Por último, el movimiento 15M y sus consecuencias, es el terreno desde el que demostrar la potencia de dicha narrativa (habitualmente ligada al consumo) como una estrategia comunicativa capaz de aunar la esfera del mass media, la organización activista y la contribución amateur, enarbolando un estudio de casos que permita definir los postulados teóricos surgidos del estudio. / La present Tesi Doctoral estudia i analitza la teoria transmediàtica com a una narrativa contemporània immersa en les noves formes d'activisme polític. Per això, realitza una anàlisi del context actual des de les formes de relació i les tipologies de convergència comunicativa. Aquest plantejament pretén examinar els escenaris sorgits des de l'era de la informació en la qual la figura del consumidor es revela com un nou paper protagonista en la producció de contingut. A partir d'ací, la hipòtesi d'aquesta recerca planteja una variació de les nocions de col.lectivitat/individualitat així com una fragmentació de les narracions a través de la hiperconnectivitat inserida en la quotidianitat. Finalment, el moviment 15M i les seues conseqüències, és el terreny des del qual demostrar la potència d'aquesta narrativa (habitualment lligada al consum) com una estratègia comunicativa capaç de conjuminar l'esfera dels mass media, l'organització activista i la contribució amateur, enarborant un estudi de casos que permeta definir els postulats teòrics sorgits de l'estudi. / Fidalgo Alday, I. (2017). Devenir transmedia. Narrativas contemporáneas de lo político [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90502