Estudo sobre o exército no Brasil, em particular na Capitania da Baía entre 1750 e 1762. Baseado em fontes manuscritas do Arquivo HistóricoUltramarino, análise administrativa, económica e social. Procurar encontrar respostas para as perguntas; como viviam, quantos elementos, etc. Tentar identificar o estado da instituição militar no período referido, e saber quais os motivos.

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For the past eighty years I have started each day in the same manner. It is not a mechanical routine but something essential to my daily life. I go to the piano, and I play two preludes and fugues by Bach??? It is a sort of benediction on the house??? It is a rediscovery of the wonder of which I have the joy of being a part. It fills me with awareness of the wonder of life, with a feeling of the incredible marvel of being a human being. The music is never the same for me, never. Each day it is something new, fantastic, and unbelievable. That is Bach??? a miracle! A whole radiance of space and poetry pours forth from them! They are the very essence of Bach, and Bach is the essence of music. (Casals:1974:17 & 47). Such comments, common among musicians, are usually ignored by the disciplines that study music. This thesis, however, is the result of a decision to take these comments seriously. This thesis addresses the issues of creativity, order and discipline, through the perspective of a sociology and phenomenology of everyday life. The main issues of this thesis are first introduced through Bachelard???s phenomenological study of poetry and Heidegger???s approach to art. Embodied modes of knowing are introduced through Buber???s dialogic I-Thou concept. This is followed by Winnicott???s discussion of creativity and Bohm and Peat???s discussion of order. Discipline is introduced through a counter-analysis of some central sociological theorists on authority and power: Lukes, Foucault and Durkheim. Among other writers influential for the thesis are Eliade on origins, sacred temporality and ???eternal return???, Simmel and Douglas on space, Levinas, Merton, Herrigel and Stendl- Rast on ethics and discipline. Hegel and Sartre on identity-logic and Serres on relational modes of knowing. The main issues are drawn from experiences with music and particularly with the music of J. S. Bach. These experiences raise ontological, cosmological and epistemological questions that are examined in this thesis. The material used in the analysis is drawn from musicians??? experiences and from a variety of sources non-academic and academic.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Geisteswissenschaftliche Fakultät--Universität Wien, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 290-319.

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Bach's Concerto for Keyboard, Flute, and Violin with Orchestra in A minor, BWV 1044, is a very interesting and unprecedented case of Bach reworking pre-existing keyboard works into three concerto movements. There are several examples of Bach carrying out the reverse process with his keyboard arrangements of Vivaldi, and other composers' concertos, but the reworking of the Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 894, into the outer movements of BWV 1044, and the second movement of the Organ Sonata in F major, BWV 527, into the middle movement, appears to be unique among Bach's compositional activity. This study will explore in some detail how Bach transforms these solo keyboard pieces into a three movement concerto for three concertino instruments and ripieno. As is the case with most of Bach's instrumental works, the question of where BWV 1044 fits within the chronology of Bach's works is unclear. This paper will attempt a reliable date of composition for this concerto by combining a variety of methods including source study and comparative formal analysis.

Conducting the cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach can be a challenge of sizeable proportions. A significant part of the challenge arises from interpreting and synthesizing several key elements. These elements must be addressed by the conductor if she or he is to produce an informed performance of the work. Before conducting J.S. Bach's Cantata 150, a conductor must have specific knowledge of the various issues that directly impact the performance of the cantata. These issues include appropriate tempi, performing pitch, dynamics, phrasing and articulation, ornamentation, continuo issues, size and sonority of ensemble, historical background, text painting and period instrument factors. This dissertation provides the conductor with a practical and functional guide that addresses the many interpretative elements and provides answers to several specific questions about Cantata 150, aiding the conductor in making critical decisions about preparing and performing this cantata. Divided into three main sections, including a performance practice chapter, a theoretical analysis chapter and a synthesis chapter, this practical manual analyzes and examines the cantata from a performer's point of view. A selected Discography is included. / School of Music

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence that Henry Knox had on the formation and the inplementation of American Indian policy during the period from 1786 to 1795. Henry Knox was Secretary of War under the Confederation government from 1786-1789. In 1786 his office was given statutory authority to deal with the Northern and Southern tribes on the frontier. In 1789 he was appointed Secretary of War in George Washington's cabinet with increased authority to deal with the Indians. This work deals only with the tribes and the territory in the Northern Department for a number of reasons. First, the geographical area involved is smaller and the tribes more varied than in the Southern Department. Second, in the Northern Department there was not the conflict of federal-state interests that complicated the acquisition of lands and the pacification of the Indians. Third, there can be seen in the Northern Department a continuation of British Indian policy as adopted and ramified by the United States, An examination of Indian treaties concerning this area and the concept of the Indians' right of soil brings into focus the problems that the United States faced when dealing with the tribes on the frontier.The research was planned to answer two questions. What were the vestiges of British and French Indian policy that were adopted by the American government in the period from 1786-1789? Second, what was Henry Knox's role in formulating Confederation and Federal Indian policy? Did he act as the sole agent for the formation of Indian policy or did he take his direction from George Washington and/or the Congress?The first part of the work develops the relationship between George Washington and Henry Knox. It traces the career of Knox during the American Revolution and emphasizes the close bond between Knox and Washington. It also examines the role that Henry Knox played in the negotiations with New England tribes before he became a member of the Confederation government,The second stage of the study concerns itself with British Indian policy from 1763-1775. It develops those threads of imperial control that were adopted and modified by American government with the outbreak of the American Revolution. Special consideration is given to the various demarcation lines, treaties, and organs of Indian control that marked British imperial rule.The involvement of Henry Knox in Indian policy began in 1786 with the reorganization of the Indian Department. The work examines the conditions on the frontier that Knox inherited from his predecessor. The treaties of Forts Stanwix, McIntosh and Finney are examined in detail to emphasize the unrest on the frontier from both Indians and whites. In this setting the efforts of Henry Knox to formulate consistent and just Indian policy is studied. The first stage of Henry Knox's career as a Cabinet Officer comes to an end with the formation of the Federal government. From 1789-1795, Henry Knox served as Secretary of War in the new government. He was given more authority by the administration to guide the conduct of Indian policy. This study deals at length with the problems that Knox encountered in his dealings with the Indians on the frontier and with the Cabinet members in Washington's government. The military defeats of Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair at the hands of the Indians during this period are traced and evaluated as to their consequences on Knox's effectiveness as an administrator. The final solution to the Indian problem in the Northwest comes with Anthony Wayne's victory at Fallen Timbers in 1794. Knox's contributions to this effort and his legacy to future Indian policy are evaluated in the final portion of this study.

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