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Following a suggestion of Dr. Michael Reardon's I have considered Freedom and Necessity as fundamental literary and philosophical concepts in Karl Marx's early writing. All Marx quotations are my own translations; I did this because I discovered that many English translations were rendered in such a way that they did not convey basic literary structures which were very important to a clear comprehension of Marx's thought. The opening pages of this article are a necessary but brief discussion of words, which are specifically: Necessity, Freedom, and History. As these three words are the life and breath of Marx's thought, an observation of their meanings and history, in German, was the obvious place to to begin in a consideration of the development of Marx's ideas.

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The primary objective of this dissertation is to present and analyze Marx's theory of technological unemployment. Chapter I is a brief evaluation of the modern perspectives on this question. The levels of analysis in Marx are also identified. Chapter II considers Marx's short term model on technological unemployment when no net accumulation occurs. It includes a discussion of different measures and types of technological change. Chapter III complements the previous chapter. A theoretical definition of compensation is advanced, and the different forms of compensation in Marx are evaluated. This chapter also includes a broader discussion of the compensation controversy. Chapter IV constitutes Marx's long term model when technological change, population growth and accumulation occur simultaneously. Here, crises are ignored. Chapter V identifies the linkages between crises and technological unemployment. Throughout the dissertation, the short term, long term and crisis models are developed and compared. Included are two appendices, one dealing with the neo-classical approach, and the other with the role of wage flexibility in Marx's theory of technological unemployment.

In recent years there has been a spectacular growth of Marxist literature on politics and the state in capitalist society. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether this literature has contributed towards a viable, genuinely Marxist theory of the state and to assess the state of current Marxist theorizing more generally. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, from the "classics" to the present, it is argued that: (1) instead of theoretical advances, recent theories have produced a progressive immunization of received orthodoxies against empirical falsification; (2) to the extent that it is nevertheless possible to draw empirical implications from them at all, these have become virtually indistinguishable from those of their "bourgeois" counterparts; (3) what continues to underlie Marxist theorizing is an implicit reliance on "socialism" as the criterion of evaluation of capitalist reality combined with a virtual taboo on explicitly considering the exact nature of this "socialism".

Bibliography: leaves 342-355 / iv, 355 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Philosophy, 1990

Diss.--Philosophy--Minneapolis, 1974. / Bibliogr. p. 228-232.

Robert C. Merton. / Bibliography: p. 116-124.

La presente tesis, se enmarca dentro del seminario de grado dictado en el año 2006, por el profesor Leonardo León, llamado: bandidos, renegados y fugitivos en la Historia Social de Chile. Los cuestionamientos del presente trabajo surgen a partir de las inquietudes historiográficas de Carla Alegría, Gonzalo Henríquez, Leonardo Sánchez, Fernando Ulloa, y el profesor León. En el transcurso del año, desarrollamos un trabajo en conjunto de cuestionamientos, revisión de fuentes y complementación bibliográfica, que hicieron posible el desarrollo de este texto.