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My thesis investigates the dialogic aspects and literary qualities ascribed to letters during the long eighteenth century. In part this involves documenting the correspondence between letters and other genres, such as the novel. Being in correspondence encouraged writers such as Burney and Johnson to express the relationship between sender and recipient in interesting ways. I posit that the letter offered a sophisticated means for writers, including those in Richardson's circle, to represent speech and thought, and mimic (with varying degrees of indirection), that of others. I consider the editorial habits and typographical conventions that governed letter-writing during the period, honing in on Richardson's contributions. I link his claim that letters were written 'to the Moment' with broader tropes of 'occasional' style, and show how this manifests in letters' intricate modulations of tense and person. Chapter 1 details the conventions that prevailed in letters of the period, and their interactions with irony and innovation. I compare convention in the epistolary novels of Smollett and Richardson, and look at closure in the Johnson-Thrale correspondence. Chapter 2 demonstrates that various methods of combining one's voice with others were utilized in letters (such as those of the Burney family), including some that took advantage of the epistolary form and its reputation as 'talking on paper'. Chapter 3 shows the role of mimesis in maintaining the dialogic structure of letters, and links it to contemporary theories of sympathy and sentiment. Chapters 4 and 5 apply the findings about epistolary tradition, polyphony and sentimentalism to the letters of Sterne and Burns. In them, there is a mixture of sentiment and irony, and of individual and 'correspondent' styles. The conclusion discusses the editing of letters, both in situ and in preparation for publication. The twin ideals of spontaneity and sincerity, I conclude, have influenced the way we choose to edit letters in scholarly publications.

This study examines the development and creation of the clarinet in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, and the start of their use as a solo instrument in the eighteenth century. This explores Mozart's utilization and development for the clarinet to other various composers and their contributions.

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Thesis(M.Mus.) -- Stellenbosch University, 1987. / VOORWOORD Die twintigste eeu beleef 'n besondere belangstelling in die outentieke uitvoering van ou musiek en dit is 'n studieveld wat reeds uitgebreid nagevors is. Desondanks bestaan daar steeds baie vraagstukke aangaande sekere uitvoeringspraktyke en styltipes en hoe ouer die musiek, hoe meer problematies word 'n outentieke uitvoering, veral as gevolg van die groot verskille tussen die moderne en ou instrumente, die speeltegnieke en die dikwels ontoereikende notasie. Die teoriee wat die twintigste eeuse musici aangaande die uitvoeringspraktyke geformuleer het, is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op ou geskrifte, verhandelinge en onderrigboeke uit die onderskeie styltydperke. Daar bestaan baie teenstrydighede tussen hierdie teoriee, veral met betrekking tot die musiek van die Barokperiode. Die uitvoering van musiek van die Klassieke en veral die Romantiese periodes is minder problematies en die redes hiervoor is hoofsaaklik die volgende: Die notasiesisteem het reeds tydens die Hoog-Klassieke tydperk tot sy huidige vorm ontwikkel. Verder het musiekkritiek en -geskiedskrywing segert die agtiende eeu toenemend meer aandag geniet en bestaan daar dus meer inligting aangaande uitvoeringspraktyke. Ten spyte daarvan dat hierdie na vorsing reeds dekades gelede begin het, is daar steeds groot onkunde daaromtrent en word daar dikwels min aandag gegee aan die outentieke uitvoering van ou musiek. Hierdie studie is 'n paging om die navorsing wat reeds gedoen is krities te ondersoek en 'n moontlike samevatting daarvan te gee. / Digitized at 300 dpi B/W PDF format (OCR), using ,KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. Digitised, Rebecca Patterson on 28 August 2013. Digitization of Music Thesis Project

published_or_final_version / English / Master / Master of Philosophy

This thesis takes as its starting-point the theoretical and critical writings on music from the second half of the 18th century - mostly by German authors such as H.C. Koch and J.F. Daube. The intention is to illustrate the preoccupations and concepts of these authors in the period associated with the development of Classical symphonic style. I have noted the emphasis on textures and on certain aesthetic criteria, such as "Feuerigkeit" and "das Unerwartete", and I have attempted to trace the growth of meanings given to these terms over a period of about 50 years. To illustrate the formal implications of the "symphonic allegro" described in these writings, I have discussed specific examples in the second chapter from the symphonies of J.C. Bach, F.X. Richter, G. Pugnani, P. Beck, etc. (These are given in score in the Appendix of Musical Examples) Emphasis is placed on the contrasting roles of tutti and lightly-scored texture in articulating the internal structure of the first section of the allegro movement; and on the types of formal expansion (such as prolonged dominant preparation) and harmonic surprise already used by symphonic composers in the 1750s-60s. The third chapter is concerned exclusively with the symphonies of Haydn, illustrating his capacity to devise new relationships and roles for the traditional contrasts of texture and dynamic level in the symphonic allegro. The important sketch for the finale of Symphony No.99 is discussed, as a case in which the relationship between tutti transition and second subject is only gradually decided in the composer's plans. The harmonic aspects raised in connection with Haydn's symphonies are considered in more detail in the 4th chapter, which moves from the element of cadential expansion - in the form of interrupted cadences and interrupted or prolonged cadential progressions - to that of tonal contrasts at the level of independent and clearly defined periods which play a part in the thematic growth of the movement. The importance of flattened submediant and flattened mediant relationships are underlined in this context. Haydn's quartets have been largely used as the basis for this discussion. In the 5th chapter, the subject is the growing complexity and variety of tonal treatment in Haydn's development sections, from his observance of traditional key-schemes, through his experimentation with fausse reprise effects, to the enlargement of his procedures to include both flat and sharp key relationships. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the "enharmonic" modulatory schemes characteristic of Haydn's late style. In the final chapter, the intention has been to illustrate some of the different functions of tonal contrast that grew up alongside and after those described in terms of Haydn's music. A contrast is drawn between Haydn's use of flattened submediant areas within a single key area, and the use by Mozart and Beethoven of similar effects for the purposes of modulating from first to second group key. Finally, some of the great first movements of Schubert are discussed to illustrate the growth of the principle of harmonic and expressive contrasts to encompass very large areas of tonal stability.