This thesis traces the efforts of Patrick White and Malcolm Lowry between the years 1933 and 1957 to "purify the dialect of the tribe." As young writers in the England of the Thirties both felt the language of the English middle class, the pre-dominant dialect of English fiction, to be exhausted. Some time in the Forties, both chose to live and write in isolated places where they believed there to be English dialects which possessed a vigour and a contact with reality absent in the England they had abandoned. The texture and structure of their subsequent writing demonstrate the effects of this choice of locales. My introductory chapter surveys the concern of both novelists, up to the end of the Fifties, with language, class, and place, and addresses the biographical facts relevant to these concerns. This discussion establishes the formal, linguistic, and ideological parameters of my approach to these novelists. The body of the thesis is divided into two sections: the first deals with the period up to 1941, the second with the post-war period. Part A, chapter I addresses the cultural background and the ideological confusion of young middle-class writers in England during the Thirties. The following three chapters set the early novels of both writers in this context. Part B begins by establishing the post-war literary milieu in England from which the fiction of White and Lowry offers a sharp break. The following five chapters consider the continuing influence of Thirties dilemmas on their approach to form and the use of language, the attempts of both writers to find formal means adequate to their readings of the contemporary world, and their progressive break with literary realism. The conclusion evaluates the literary results of these struggles with language: in particular, the degree to which a creative use of dialect has extended the range of the English novel during a period characterized in England by caution and retrenchment. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

By comparing the novels of William Faulkner and Patrick White, this thesis reconsiders modernism's elitism and solipsism by revealing within them a critical interest in liberating minority perspective. Theoretical debates which continue to insist on modernism's inherent distance from the identity politics which front the postmodernist movement are overlooking modernism's deeply embedded evaluative mechanisms which work to expose and criticize the activity of psychic and social co-optation. Faulkner and White are both engaged in fictionally tracing the complexities of a failing patriarchy which can no longer substantiate its primary subjects — the white, upper class male. As representatives of modernism we can see that Faulkner and White, perhaps unwittingly, initiate the awareness that the 'failure' of their chosen subjects is in large measure due to processes of marginalization which both created the authoritative power structures within which they are constructed and helped serve to collapse them. The classic isolation of the modernist subject can be looked at not simply as an isolation predicated on endless self-referentiality, but rather on a desperate social outreaching for which he or she is not psychically equipped. By following the trajectory and perspective of specific novels and characters it becomes clear that it is precisely this handicap which clears the textual space for diversity of representation, just as it overturns the notion of modernism's functioning separatism. Chapter one concentrates on the double-edged representation of the female subject constructed as always-already 'guilty' within the psychologically, emotionally and physically repressive terms of the dominant male power structures within the context of Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun and White's A Fringe of Leaves. Chapter two investigates the psychological parameters of the morally disenfranchised modern subject whose disillusionment results from prejudicial social practices promoted by virulent racial anxiety as exemplified in Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! and White's Voss. The third and final chapter discusses Light in August and Riders in the Chariot with attention to modernism's own investigation of the exclusion of minority voices from collective social imagining. The thesis posits that literary modernism is interested less with reconciling its literary subjects within a self-contained totalizing project than it is with invoking new social and psychological paradigms that stress the necessity of external, not internal, represented multiplicity, and that what has been (mis)recognized as modernism's self-closure is, in fact, the key not only to its own continuing relevance, but to the contemporaneous literary injunction to let all voices be heard. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

This dissertation is a scholarly edition of the correspondence between the Canadian poet Irving Layton and the critic and historian of Canadian literature, Desmond Pacey; on November 3, 1954, Desmond Pacey wrote to Contact Press, inviting the poets Irving Layton, Louis Dudek and Raymond Souster to submit their recent work for discussion in an article on Canadian literature for The International Year Book. Pacey and Layton met in Montreal a few months later, and so began a long friendship and a lengthy correspondence which continued until Pacey’s death on July 4, 1975. The correspondence is an extremely important document in the history of Canadian poetry and criticism in the decisive decades following World War II because it so directly and extensively explores the crucial issues of the times: the function of the poet and the critic in contemporary society; the debate over a “cosmopolitan” versus a “native” aesthetic; the debate over a “mythopoeic” versus a “realist” approach to the creation of, and criticism of, poetry; and the attempt to define a position for the Jewish writer in a gentile society. But aside from this prolonged and invaluable theoretical discourse, and aside from the countless useful insights into the life and work of practically every writer active in Canada between 1954-1975, the letters between the two men are important because the two men were so vitally important to the development of a viable Canadian literature. The basic principle of this project’s editorial philosophy is the decision to abjure the “editorial pedantries” of the diplomatic text which tend to exclude the non—specialist educated public, and to assume greater flexibility in the standardization and regularization of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, abbreviation and matters of format——placement of addresses, closings, postscripts and marginalia. Headnotes contain all textual information about the letter; transcriptions are in the main literal, but in the interest of consistency some standardization has been imposed. Footnotes follow each letter; cross—references are by letter and, where applicable, note number; when the reference is to a letter with a single footnote, no number is cited. These almost three thousand annotations are employed to identify individuals referred to in the text, to provide publication information on the works of Layton, Pacey, and numerous other individuals referred to in the text, to document and frequently quote from the reviews, articles, radio and television programs they discuss, to elucidate references to current events, and to provide miscellaneous but necessary background information on matters ranging from the private lives of the two correspondents to majcir vnts and isuë in the history of Canadian li’áttñ. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Mário Luiz Frungillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fan_Xing_M.pdf: 1902154 bytes, checksum: e78b0a1c977a70269f1afab9e5e6ab14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A dissertação analisa Tocaia Grande (1984) como o romance-síntese de Jorge Amado, articulando todas as obras anteriores do autor, tanto as ficcionais quanto as não ficcionais. Após uma breve apresentação cronológica que enfoca a continuidade e transformação na criação literária de Jorge Amado, o trabalho divide-se em três partes conforme o desenvolvimento do romance ¿ formação de uma sociedade, construção de uma utopia e destruição de Tocaia Grande ¿ enfatizando respectivamente os personagens marginais, as ideias anarquistas/carnavalescas e a relação estreita entre a ficção amadiana e a realidade brasileira. Dessa forma, comprova-se que Tocaia Grande não só reúne os elementos básicos dos romances anteriores de Jorge Amado, mas também revisa seus pensamentos antigos e limitados, apresentando a origem da zona cacaueira e da nação brasileira / Abstract: This dissertation analyzes Tocaia Grande (English title: Showdown) as the summative novel of Jorge Amado, linking all the previous works of the author, both fictional and non-fictional. After a brief chronological presentation that focuses on the continuity and transformation in the literary creation of Jorge Amado, this paper is then divided into three parts according to the development of the novel - the formation of a society, the construction of a utopia and the destruction of Tocaia Grande - emphasizing respectively marginal characters, anarchist/carnival ideas and the close relationship between fiction and reality. Thus, it proves that Tocaia Grande not only brings together the basic elements of the previous novels of Jorge Amado, but also reviews the old and limited thoughts, showing the origin of the cacao zone and the Brazilian nation. / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

Orientador: Antonio Arnoni Prado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T22:40:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulini_MarceloMottPeccioli_M.pdf: 3379715 bytes, checksum: 54538cb953a7dbfd65187960933ecf83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: A dissertação é composta por seis capítulos. No 1o. deles, fazemos uma análise da peça "Os Sete Gatinhos", de Nelson Rodrigues. Procuramos aí compreender alguns elementos básicos da dramaturgia do autor, como a questão do trágico e do cômico delineando as situações dramáticas e as personagens. Nos 2o. e 3o. capítulos, pretendemos uma análise da questão do erotismo e da morte, temas recorrentes na dramaturgia do autor, bem como uma investigação sobre a presença da doença marcando o elemento corpóreo, fisiológico, tão explorada por Nelson. Algumas idéias do filósofo Georges Bataille orientaram-nos nesse sentido. O 4o. capítulo procura dar conta de uma contextualização do universo rodrigueano no seu ambiente social, resgatando sua historicidade. Processos literários pertinentes a essa dramaturgia também são aqui abordados. No momento seguinte, um paralelo entre o teatro de Nelson e as experiências de vanguarda da dramaturgia universal, principalmente o que se convencionou chamar por "Teatro do Absurdo". E finalmente, no último capítulo, um esforço no sentido de compreender o universo dramático de Nelson Rodrigues valorizando-a a partir de critérios mais restritos ao literário. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Letras

The purpose of this thesis is to study the effects of hyperbolic transformations on the cubic that is determined by locus of centroids of the equilateral triangles in H² whose base coincides with the line y=0, and whose common vertex is at the origin. The derivation of the formulas within this work are based on the Poincaré disk model of H², where H² is understood to mean the hyperbolic plane. The thesis explores the properties of both the untransformed cubic (the original locus of centroids) and the transformed cubic (the original cubic taken under a linear fractional transformation).

「詞史」為一理論術語，亦是作品的價值桂冠。此一觀念於明清之際興發，然而歷來大多是站在「詩史」的角度之下詮釋此一概念，而少對當時的「詞史」論述作一完整並細緻的討論。經過分析，筆者發現明清之際的「詞史」論述具有泛情化與個人化的傾向，故本文以現今「詞史」研究的學術反思為出發點，並進一步站在此特點之上，企圖建立一個考察「詞史」作品的「新詞史」視角。第一章是全文的基礎，包含兩個重點：一是分析明清之際的「詞史」概念特質，並闡述其產生背景與原因；二是將「詞史」與「詩史」、「曲史」一同比較，得出它們的細微差別。第二章至第四章從「詞史」論述中選取三個主要內涵，分別是「傳心」、「憶往」與「懷古詠史」，在這三章中，除了對這三類「詞史」論述有更仔細的分析外，並加入了與此三個主題相關的理論思考，形成新的考察視角，接著由這些主題衍伸而出，開展專題討論，作為「新詞史」之示例。「詞史」的泛情化與個人化，背離了過往重紀事的史觀，而與二十世紀初以來的新史學觀念相符，同樣指向心靈史與思想史之範疇。也因為「事」的剝離，其間文體跨越的標準，以及詞中「史」的性質都更為抽象、模糊，加上論述中賦予鑑賞者裁選的權力，故與新歷史主義亦有部分相似之處。本文採用新歷史主義的方法，注重文本與歷史的互動，選擇詞、史兩個方面皆有價值的作品：第一個專題以兩組骷髏詞為分析對象，從中可見兩種死亡觀的對話；接著以自壽詞與自題像詞為分析對象，觀察他們詞中的自傳意味；最後以〈虞美人〉詞牌為主的虞姬詞為分析對象，帶出英雄觀的討論。這三個專題之間又是彼此關聯，共同形成一個歷史場域，在詞中展現他們文學化的眾聲喧嘩。綜上所述，本文於理論與作品兩方面，希望能擺脫過往陳陳相因的定義與詮釋，而對於詞與史，有更多思考的可能。= As an academic term, Cishi can also be esteemed as a compliment of a piece of work. Cishi, developed into a concept in the duration of Ming and Qing Dynasty, has been long comprehended and interpreted under the gist of Shishi, without a thorough and detailed discussion over the contemporary discourse about Cishi. Through close reading and analysis, I found that the discourse about Cishi in the duration of Ming and Qing Dynasty has an inclination of pan-sentiment and personalisition. This dissertation is based on the reflection of present study on Cishi, and tries to make a step further to establish a "new Cishi" platform to inspect Cishi works. The first chapter is the fundament of this whole dissertation, which consists of two parts: one is to analyze the particularity of the concept of Cishi, and explain its background and reason, and the other is to compare the subtle differences among Cishi, Shishi and Qushi. I select three main connotations--expressing mind, retrospecting the past, and ode to history, to discuss among Chapter Two to Chapter Four. Besides the profoundly analyzing, I combine these three topics with respectively related theoretical thinking to form a new perspective. Subsequently, specific discussions expended from the topics are set examples of the "new Cishi". Pan-sentiment and personalisition of Cishi deviates from the traditional historiography view which concentrates on the event recording, whereas corresponds with the new historiography view blossoming in 20th century, which also points to the spiritual history and the history of ideas. For the reason of the separation from events, ambiguous standards of style, the abstract and vague quality of "history" in Ci, as well as the power of selecting entitled to the readers in discussion; Cishi also shares some similarities with new historicism. So in this dissertation, regarding the interaction between text and history, I adopt the method of new historicism to select those works which contribute both in Ci and in history. The first topic concentrates on two groups of skeleton Ci, which embodies two different views of death. The second topic sets the self-bithday-congratuation Ci and self-portrait-inscription Ci as objects of study to observe the connotation of autobiography within. In the very end, the third topic analyzes the character of Yuji(虞姬) which mainly appears in the Cipai(詞牌) of Yumeiren(虞美人), which also contains the discussion of the heroic outlook. Associated mutually, these three topics form a historical field, and burst into a literary chorus in Ci. As a conclusion, this dissertation explores in aspect of theory as well as works, tries to get rid of the past routinized definition and explanation in order to offer some new possible perspectives in both Ci and history.

This research analyses Qing women's writings and paratexts to explore how women applied their agency to re-shape the nature of everyday practice in the boudoir, arguing that dutiful activities were not only responsibilities for the fulfillment of womanhood, but also a location for self-expression and a channel to cross the boundary of private sphere and public society. The main body of this study examines activities concerning rong 容 (appearance) and gong 功/工 (achievements/work), the practical aspects in side 四德 (four womanly virtues) defined in the Confucian values. In the part about women's appearance, this research will examine women's self-adornment and looking in the mirror, and in the part about women's work, it focuses on garment making and cooking. On this basis, this study rethinks the connotation of "four virtues," and further explores women's agency manifested in their everyday details in the late imperial period. Scholars in gender history and women's literature have conducted fruitful studies on multiple aspects of women's daily life, such as women's production and consumption, material life, household duties, literary pursuit, leisure activities, and social communications. This research attempts to examine a less-studied aspect of women's self-representation: their subjective experience in the practical aspects of the "four female virtues." How did common practices about rong and gong relate to women's opinion on body and material, inspire their emotions, and reflect their rich inner reality? How did women empower themselves through these everyday activities and in turn transform duties into a platform of self-construction and self-expression? This research focuses on the Qing dynasty, a transitional period in history that bridged traditional and modern China, to explore how women's agency was constructed in, manifested through, and embedded in the commonest everyday domestic practices. Specifically, this research focuses on four particular activities that represented rong and gong: self-adornment, looking in the mirror, garment making, and food management. I argue that women in the Qing dynasty not merely fulfilled but also tactfully transformed the Confucian expectation of "four virtues" through common practices in the everyday, and in the meanwhile, they empowered themselves by creating personally meaningful worlds within the inner quarters.

閨秀是清代文壇的一股新興力量，她們以獨特的女性寫作風格和視角為清代文學乃至整個中國文學注入了新鮮的水源。清代閨秀作家相較於前代，在詩詞創作方面出現一個不容忽視的特點，即在前代女作家重複傳遞的閨情閨怨之外，開拓了對日常生活的書寫。然而目前學界未有圍繞清代閨秀詩詞日常生活書寫的專著，涉及清代閨秀詩詞日常化的論文也十分稀少。有見於此，本文圍繞「清代閨秀如何書寫日常生活」這一問題展開論述，試圖彌補前人之不足。本文包含七章，除第一章「緒論」及第七章「結論」之外，二至六章的主要內容分別如下: 第二章主要通過史料文獻還原清代女性的日常生活樣貌。清代閨秀的日常生活，既有中饋理家和侍親課子等方面對於婦德的順從，又有讀書吟詠和閨外行旅等傳統婦德之外的內容。第三章以清代女性詠物詩詞為重點研究文本，主要分析詠物詩詞中大量湧現的日常化吟詠對象；同時探討詠物詩詞的日常化寫作手法和情志表達。第四章重點分析自清代才大量出現的女性家務詩詞。一方面與男性文人筆下對勞動女性的書寫作對比研究，另一方面探討家務書寫對於閨秀的意義。第五章從三個方面對清代閨秀書寫日常生活的方式進行梳理，包括拓展選材範圍、增添日記元素和關注現實生活。第六章考察清代女性詩詞日常化的原因。清代女性詩詞出現日常化的趨勢，是創作主體的改變、儒家禮儀道德規範的引導，以及文壇風氣等多重因素共同作用的結果。Elite women writers (guixiu 閨秀)were are vitalizing force in the literary field of the Qing Dynasty. With their unique gendered writing style and perspective, they brought fresh blood to Qing Dynasty literature, and in a broader sense, to Chinese literature as well. Compared with the previous generations, Qing elite women writers had a prominent feature in their writing of poetry. That is, in addition to the lyrical themes already repeatedly dealt with by earlier female writers, they started writing about their daily life. However, no monograph has been published on the writing of daily life in Qing elite women's poetry and little has been discovered on how their attention turned to the writing of daily life. This thesis fills this research gap through addressing the following question: how did Qing elite women write about everyday life? This article is divided into seven chapters, flanked by an introduction in Chapter One and a conclusion in Chapter Seven. Abstracts of Chapters Two to Six are as follows: Chapter Two outlines a reconstruction of the daily life of women in the Qing Dynasty through historical texts. It touches upon the expansion of Qing elite women's living space through comparison with previous generations. Besides taking on familial and parental responsibilities, Qing elite women expanded their living space by writing poetry and traveling. Chapter Three focuses on poems on objects (yongwu shici詠物詩詞) written by women in the Qing Dynasty. It analyzes the daily objects that appeared in a large number of poems. It also discusses the writing techniques and artistic expressions of these poems. Chapter Four focuses on women's poems on housework, a genre which did not appear until the Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, the chapter compares such poems with working women depicted by male literati; on the other hand, it discusses the significance of writing about housework for elite women of the time. Chapter Five organizes the approach Qing elite female writers had taken in writing about daily life from three aspects, namely, broadening their scope of topic selection, adding diary-like elements to their works and showing interests in family livelihood. The Sixth Chapter investigates the reasons behind the popularization of writing about daily life in Qing women's poetry. This trend is the result of a number of reasons: the change of writing subject, the guiding of Confucian moral norms and the climate of the literary circle at the time.

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