Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-65). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29635

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 5, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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This thesis discusses the impact of the 1918 influenza pandemic at Norway House and Fisher River, Manitoba. Despite sharing similar overall mortality rates during the pandemic, the two communities showed substantial differences when the distribution of deaths are examined at the family level. Reconstituted family data show that deaths were more tightly clustered within a small number of families at Norway House, while at Fisher River they were distributed amongst more families. Adults perished more often at Norway House than Fisher River. Historical documentation suggests, moreover, that the day-to-day functioning of Norway House was more severely disrupted than was the case for Fisher River. I argue that the differences in the family distribution of mortality at the two communities is linked to differences in social organization and, specifically, to the presence or absence of the Hudson's Bay Company. To test this hypotheses the data are examined using aggregate techniques, reconstituted family data and a technique outlined in Scott and Duncan's 2001 work. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

A presente pesquisa investiga as epidemias de febre amarela - em 1897 e 1900 - e de gripe espanhola - em 1918 - ocorridas em Sorocaba e a atuação do médico Álvaro César da Cunha Soares no seu combate, a fim de revelar as condições sanitárias de uma cidade que passava por grandes transformações, como o crescimento urbano e a industrialização, em um contexto de consolidação da medicina oficial e de acirrados debates em torno das questões relacionadas à saúde pública. Para tanto, traça-se um panorama das condições sanitárias e de saúde pública de Sorocaba entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, apontando o agravamento dos problemas sociais e o aumento do número de casos de determinadas enfermidades. Desse modo, pretende-se demonstrar como a condição de vida da população pobre sorocabana foi se deteriorando cada vez mais enquanto a cidade apresentava um relativo crescimento urbano e industrial. As epidemias de febre amarela são reconstituídas, abordando-se questões políticas, sociais e científicas que se desenrolaram no decorrer dos surtos epidêmicos, em um contexto de disputa entre o poder estadual, representado pelo Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, e os poderes locais, representados por médicos e autoridades públicas municipais, na condução das medidas de combate às epidemias. A epidemia de gripe espanhola na cidade representou um desafio às autoridades públicas locais e uma ameaça à estabilidade econômica local - em um momento em que o crescimento industrial da cidade era colocado em evidência. Desse modo, estudando as epidemias que assolaram Sorocaba na virada do século XIX para o XX e acompanhando a atuação de Álvaro Soares nesse contexto, pretende-se compreender melhor a relação entre a consolidação da medicina oficial no Estado de São Paulo e suas implicações nas práticas em saúde pública / This research investigates epidemics of yellow fever - in 1897 and 1900 - and the Spanish flu - in 1918 - occurred in Sorocaba and the performance of the medical Álvaro César Soares da Cunha in combating them, in order to reveal the sanitary conditions of a city passing through major transformations, such as urban growth and industrialization, in a context of consolidation of official medicine and heated debates on issues related to public health. To this end, draws up an overview of public health and sanitary conditions of Sorocaba in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, pointing to the worsening of social problems and the increasing number of cases of certain diseases. Thus, it is intended to demonstrate how the living conditions of the poor in Sorocaba was deteriorating more and more as the city had a relative urban and industrial growth. The yellow fever epidemics are reconstituted, addressing political, social and scientific issues that unfolded over the outbreaks, in a dispute context between state power, represented by the State Sanitation Service of São Paulo, and local authorities, represented by physicians and municipal authorities, in the conduct of measures to combat epidemics. The Spanish flu epidemic in the city was a challenge to local public authorities and a threat to local economic stability - at a time when the industrial growth of the city was placed in evidence. Thus, studying the epidemics that ravaged Sorocaba in the late nineteenth century to the twentieth and monitoring the performance of Alvaro Soares in this context, it is intended to better understand the relationship between the consolidation of official medicine in the State of São Paulo and its implications for practice in public health

A presente pesquisa investiga as epidemias de febre amarela - em 1897 e 1900 - e de gripe espanhola - em 1918 - ocorridas em Sorocaba e a atuação do médico Álvaro César da Cunha Soares no seu combate, a fim de revelar as condições sanitárias de uma cidade que passava por grandes transformações, como o crescimento urbano e a industrialização, em um contexto de consolidação da medicina oficial e de acirrados debates em torno das questões relacionadas à saúde pública. Para tanto, traça-se um panorama das condições sanitárias e de saúde pública de Sorocaba entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, apontando o agravamento dos problemas sociais e o aumento do número de casos de determinadas enfermidades. Desse modo, pretende-se demonstrar como a condição de vida da população pobre sorocabana foi se deteriorando cada vez mais enquanto a cidade apresentava um relativo crescimento urbano e industrial. As epidemias de febre amarela são reconstituídas, abordando-se questões políticas, sociais e científicas que se desenrolaram no decorrer dos surtos epidêmicos, em um contexto de disputa entre o poder estadual, representado pelo Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, e os poderes locais, representados por médicos e autoridades públicas municipais, na condução das medidas de combate às epidemias. A epidemia de gripe espanhola na cidade representou um desafio às autoridades públicas locais e uma ameaça à estabilidade econômica local - em um momento em que o crescimento industrial da cidade era colocado em evidência. Desse modo, estudando as epidemias que assolaram Sorocaba na virada do século XIX para o XX e acompanhando a atuação de Álvaro Soares nesse contexto, pretende-se compreender melhor a relação entre a consolidação da medicina oficial no Estado de São Paulo e suas implicações nas práticas em saúde pública / This research investigates epidemics of yellow fever - in 1897 and 1900 - and the Spanish flu - in 1918 - occurred in Sorocaba and the performance of the medical Álvaro César Soares da Cunha in combating them, in order to reveal the sanitary conditions of a city passing through major transformations, such as urban growth and industrialization, in a context of consolidation of official medicine and heated debates on issues related to public health. To this end, draws up an overview of public health and sanitary conditions of Sorocaba in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, pointing to the worsening of social problems and the increasing number of cases of certain diseases. Thus, it is intended to demonstrate how the living conditions of the poor in Sorocaba was deteriorating more and more as the city had a relative urban and industrial growth. The yellow fever epidemics are reconstituted, addressing political, social and scientific issues that unfolded over the outbreaks, in a dispute context between state power, represented by the State Sanitation Service of São Paulo, and local authorities, represented by physicians and municipal authorities, in the conduct of measures to combat epidemics. The Spanish flu epidemic in the city was a challenge to local public authorities and a threat to local economic stability - at a time when the industrial growth of the city was placed in evidence. Thus, studying the epidemics that ravaged Sorocaba in the late nineteenth century to the twentieth and monitoring the performance of Alvaro Soares in this context, it is intended to better understand the relationship between the consolidation of official medicine in the State of São Paulo and its implications for practice in public health

The thesis focuses on the form changes of postwar Czechoslovakia at the Paris Peace Conference in 1918-1919 concerning the personality of Foreign Minister Edvard Benes and describtion and interpretation of his ideas, which were confronted with the reality of the political elites of the time and the views of the contemporary press. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the Benes's efforts related to the formation of postwar Czechoslovakia, his foreign anchorage, international guarantees and bonds, its borders and relations with neighboring countries, etc., whose final form we know, but we're not already familiar with their alternative tendencies and ideas, which changed at the Paris Peace conference.

The Private Law of Emergency traces the development of the American law of contract in response to four emergencies that occurred between 1860-1940 – the Civil War, World War I, the 1918 pandemic, and the Great Depression. It traces the development of an idea – that the purpose of the law of contract is to preserve certain features of civil society and in this way guard against the corrosive effects of emergency on that society. The thesis explores three broad themes; first, that private law provides a means by which courts have managed the resolution of an emergency; second, that that the way courts have applied private law in response to emergency can tell us something about the true values underlying private law; and third, that the way courts have applied private law in response to emergency tells us something about the public law of emergency – and in particular, the capacity of emergency powers to affect private rights. The thesis considers these developments in the context of parallel developments in legal method – most particularly, the rise of formalism in private law – in the law of equity, and in the positioning of commerce as central to the maintenance of the legitimacy of the American constitutional system across this period. It demonstrates that these developments have suppressed the early tendency of the common law to operate as a form of emergency law.

This master's thesis examines the influence of a Czech newspaper, the Worker's Papers, that was published in Vienna. The daily paper was targeted at Czech citizens living in the Austrian capital in the times of political changes, between 1918 and 1919. First, the thesis employs the method of a quantitative analysis of articles from selected front pages of the Worker's Papers. I overview the major topics that the newspaper most often reported on: the world politics and the situation of Czechs living in Vienna. Then, I engage in a qualitative content analysis, analyzing key issues of Czechs that were often publicly discussed in the Austrian capital. Regarding the world news reporting, only articles that directly influenced Germany and Hungary are considered, since the Worker's Papers paid a special attention to this region. Using the quantitative, as well as qualitative, content analysis, I examine the extent to which the reporters in the Worker's Papers influenced their readers in terms of their audience's decision making and in terms of shaping the collective identity of the Czech minority in Vienna. The thesis discloses the topics that the Worker's Papers frequently reported on. Additionally, the thesis reveals the role of the newspaper in shaping the way Czech minority perceived themselves in the...