M.S.

Studies detailed in this paper are not original research but a summary of the literature with microscopic and cultural studies intended to familiarize the writer with some of the more important fruit diseases. Material where available was brought into the laboratory and microscopic studies made of the host symptoms and causal organisms. Hesler and Whetzel's “Manual of Fruit Diseases," “The Plant Disease Reporter,” and “The Experiment Station Record" were found to be of much value in descriptive and reference work and "The Plant Disease Reporter” was considered authentic for nomenclature of the organisms. The pen and ink drawings accompanying each disease are diagrammatic representations and comparative magnifications are not given. / M.S.

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M.S.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

M.S.

M.S.

During the ripening of viscose, changes take place in the constitution of the colloidal solution which can be observed by means of the change in the intensity of the Tyndall light scattered by the solution. The intensity of the scattered light decreases rapidly at first, but more slowly with time, apparently approaching a limiting minimum value. The point at which the intensity measurements become practically constant is in close proximity to the point of optimum spinning conditions and appears to be a more accurate means of locating this point than either the viscosity or the ammonium chloride method. The change observed in this work occurred in a rather narrow range with the apparatus employed. The development of the Tyndall beam as a practical method for measuring the maturity of viscose syrup will therefore require refinements in the apparatus used. On the basis of the results obtained, it is suggested that the colloidal particles of viscose syrup do not coagulate as solid particles but instead aggregate in some loose type of aggregation. / M.S.

O trabalho proposto tem por objetivo a reconstrução dos debates relativos ao Código Eleitoral de 1932. Analisamos como as medidas introduzidas pelo Código fizeram parte da construção de uma nova concepção de representação política, a qual é produzida como verdadeira. A presença do conteúdo de verdade nos discursos de 1930 expõe a necessidade de uma substituição do falso pelo verdadeiro, opondo a representação presente na Primeira República, na qual a fraude eleitoral e a abstenção são apresentadas como entraves à democracia, a uma nova representação, que deveria se constituir a partir da lisura e da participação eleitorais. O regime introduzido pelo Governo Provisório, por ter se constituído sem a confirmação eleitoral, necessitava urgentemente de legitimação, a qual foi buscada por duas vias: o aumento da participação e a transparência das eleições. Entendemos que as medidas introduzidas pelo Código Eleitoral de 1932 caminham no sentido de uma inclusão política, tendo como base o pressuposto de que quanto maior o eleitorado, mais representativo o governo e, portanto, mais legítimo. No entanto, argumentamos que o controle eleitoral, que se dava no período anterior por meio das fraudes eleitorais e da dificuldade do alistamento, não se extingue, mas sofre transformações. Em outras palavras, o poder sobre as eleições é deslocado das mãos das oligarquias locais para o domínio da burocracia estatal. Assim, analisaremos como o conceito de representação verdadeira combina a expansão do eleitorado ao controle dos eleitores e elegíveis ao mesmo tempo em que busca estabelecer uma ligação legítima entre representantes e representados. / The purpose of the proposed work is to reconstruct the debates related to the Electoral Code of 1932. We analyze how the measures introduced by the Code were part of the construction of a new conception of political representation, which is produced as truthful. The presence of the content of truth in the speeches of 1930 exposes the need for a replacement of the untrue for the genuineness, opposing the type of representation that was present in the First Republic, in which electoral fraud and abstention are presented as obstacles to democracy, to a new representation that should be based on electoral integrity and real participation. Because it was constituted without electoral confirmation, the regime introduced by the Provisional Government urgently needed legitimacy, which was sought in two ways: increased participation and election transparency. We understand that the measures introduced by the 1932 Electoral Code are moving towards political inclusion, based on the assumption that the larger the electorate, the more representative the government and, therefore, the more legitimate it is. However, we argue that electoral control, which occurred in the previous period through electoral fraud, and the difficulty of enlistment, are not extinguished but undergo transformations. In other words, power over elections is shifted from the hands of local oligarchies into the domain of state bureaucracy. Thus, we will analyze how the concept of true representation associates with the expansion of the electorate onto the control of the eligibles and the voters, while at the same time seeking to establish a legitimate link between the representatives and the represented.