No description available.

This thesis is based on a study of the basic concepts of Concha Espina de Serna as revealed through the outstanding characters in ten of her novels and five volumes of short stories: Despertar para morir(1910), Agua de nieve (1911), La esfinge maragata(1914), La rosa de los vientos (1916), Ruecas de marfil(1917), El metal de los muertos (1920), Dulce Nombre(1921), El cáliz rojo(1923), Tierras del Aquilón (1924), El príncipe del cantar(1929?), Altar mayor (1926), Llama de cera(1927), La virgen prudente(1929), Candelabro(1933), and. La floor de ayer(1934).

This essay has combined a discourse analysis with a postcolonial theory to investigate how Sami and Romani people were portrayed in Swedish encyclopedias between the years 1885 – 1955. The period for the essay circle around the time where thoughts about race where strong in the Swedish society and the racial biology institutes where built. A lot of political laws were aimed at the groups Sami and Romani and this essay aims to see if the discrimination of these groups could be seen in the educational sphere that reached out to the people of Sweden at the time. The use of a discourse analysis helps to see how the power of language and use of specific words built up stereotypes in a specific discourse. The purpose of combining it with a postcolonial theory is to see in what way the language is used to portray the groups as “the others” from the norm society.  The results shows that the encyclopedias at the period between 1885 – 1955 is highly influenced with racial thoughts where the groups are portrayed as underdeveloped to the main society with characteristics that is hugely different from the norm which are making them to “the others” compared to the normal.

M. S.

This investigation, concerning the effects of electricity on nematodes, was conducted in order to find a method of controlling the root-knot nematode in the tobacco field by the use of electricity. The output of a simple induction coil (p. 13 and 37), a 220 Volt 60 cycle current (p. 44), and a 27.12 megacycle transmitter (p. 55) were used to treat the nematodes. Since the nematodes are microscopic, they were treated in the mediums of soil, tap water, distilled water, and distilled water filtered through tobacco soil. The width of the treated area varied trom ½ inch to 12 inches, and the time of treatment varied from 10 seconds to 120 seconds. Two methods were used to determine whether or not the nematodes were killed by the treatments. In the first method (p. 13), the treated soil was planted with okra and tomato seeds which would quickly develop a root system large enough to determine whether or not root-knot infections were present. In the second method (p. 34), the nematode was separated from the and observed in water under a microscope. Results of the treatments were determined more readily by the second method. However, this method required much patience by the operator, and an adequate technique to carry out the second method has not as yet been completely developed. By exposing the nematodes to heat (p. 47) and by comparing the effect of heat alone on the nematodes with the effects of other electrical treatments, it was shown that the heat generated by the electrical treatment provided the lethal effect on the nematodes. An analysis was made of an induction coil showing its output to be AC. An investigation was made to find the conductivity of Granville sandy loam tobacco soil at different moisture levels. The equation Y: 47 x 10⁴ X^-1.29 (10) Y: resistance in ohms X: % of moisture content of the soil shoving the relationship between conductivity and per cent moisture was determined from this test. Because of the scope of this problem of controlling nematodes by electrical means, the author had to conduct only preliminary investigations. However, it is the author's belief that the only way to control nematodes by electricity, and not heat the soil appreciably, is to ionize the chemical in the living cells of the eelworm. To ionize chemicals in the living cells of the nematode would necessitate the application of electrical energy with a frequency high enough to produce x-rays or gamma rays. / M.S.

Two media proposed for the isolation of cellulolytic rumen bacteria were investigated. The inorganic medium containing rumen fluid gave greater total counts, greater cellulolytic counts, and a greater variety of morphological forms of cellulolytic rumen bacteria than the rich organic medium containing no rumen fluid. Cellulolytic bacteria were isolated in the inorganic medium which could not be subcultured in the rich organic medium. No cellulolytic bacteria were isolated in the rich organic medium which could not be subcultured in the inorganic medium containing rumen fluid. On the basis of the data obtained, it was concluded that under the conditions of the investigation the inorganic medium containing rumen fluid is superior to the rich organic medium for the culturing of cellulolytic rumen bacteria and for the culturing of the predominating fora of the rumen. / M.S.

M.S.

The vacuum distillation of heat-sensitive substances such as organic oils, dyes, and drugs requires special equipment from that available for atmospheric distillation. Study in the resulting field, high vacuum distillation, has subsequently led to the development of such equipment. Three types of high vacuum distillation and distillation equipment are recognized: conventional distillation, unobstructed-path distillation, and molecular distillation. Conventional vacuum distillation employs standard equipment under relatively high vacuum conditions. For unobstructed-path distillation, the equipment is modified so that the vapor path between the evaporating and condensing surfaces is clear. When the vapor path is unobstructed and the condenser is separated from the evaporator by a distance less than the mean free path of the evaporating molecules, the phenomenon is called molecular distillation. Molecular distillation is the limiting type of high vacuum distillation with the absolute pressure range approximately 1 to 7 microns of mercury. The use of the centrifugal molecular still permits the distillation of organic substances which might suffer thermal decomposition even under the conditions of the conventional high vacuum still. Against the advantages of prevention of thermal decomposition and shorter time requirements must be placed the poor separatory power of distillation and the necessity of numerous redistillations. The molecular still is valuable not because it gives good separation but because distillation is accomplished 50 to 250 degrees centigrade below temperatures of conventional atmospheric distillation. In ideal molecular distillation, equilibrium does not exist between the vapor and the liquid, no molecules re-enter the distilland after once being vaporized. Under these ideal conditions, Langmuir's equation predicts that the quantity of a given material distilling at a given temperature is proportional to P/√M where P is the vapor pressure and M is the molecular weight. Previous investigations at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and other laboratories substantiate the importance of molecular weight and structure. Since most of these investigations have been only exploratory, insufficient work has been done to permit any conclusions of major importance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of various molecular structures of fatty acids on their distillation characteristics when distilled in a laboratory-size centrifugal molecular still. Saturated (C₁₅, C₁₆, C₁₇, C₁₈, C₁₉, and C₂₀) and unsaturated (C₁₈ with one, two, and three double bonds) fatty acids were used in the study. Such effects as the chain length, presence of double bonds and their position in the molecule, and cis-trans and positional isomerism were studied. / Ph. D.

The inheritance of resistance to chlordane in the German cockroach, Blattell germanica. (L.), was studied by determining the toxicity of chlordane to the following strains of roaches: a) chlordane-resistant and non-resistant strains, b)F₁ and F₂ progeny of reciprocal crosses between two parental strains, c) progeny of pair matings within resistant and non-resistant strains, and from a cross between resistant females and non-resistant males. / Ph. D.

1. The acid catalyzed cyclodehydration method was extended to the 9-aryl-1,2-benzanthracene and 9-naphthylanthracene series. 2. A new method of cyeclodehydration was described. 3. The series of 10-mono- and 10-dimethylphenyl-1,2-benzanthracenes was completed. All the isomeric 9-mono- and 9-dimethylphenyl-1,2-benzanthracenes were prepared together with the corresponding ketones. Some highly hindered ketones were prepared and their cyclization realized. A total of 47 compounds, not previously reported in the literature, were synthesized. 4. The spectra of 24 hydrocarbons were recorded and the theory of nonplanarity of these compounds substantiated. / Ph. D.