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This thesis explores the recognition of institutional racism in Ontario. It examines discourses of institutional racism between the late 1960s and early 1980s and argues that the recognition of institutional racism at the provincial and national levels was facilitated by overt acts of racism in one of Canada’s most populous and diverse cities – Toronto. The targets of overt racism were new immigrants from decolonizing nations who utilized the discourse of rights in the context of an increase in racist incidents to press for state recognition of institutional racism. This rise in racially motivated violence concerned most Canadians as it went against Canadians’ self-perception as a raceless, tolerant and peaceful society. The recognition of structural racism was a gradual and contested process as municipal, provincial and federal government actors often denied its existence and deemed overt acts of racism aberrant. When racist acts did occur, state officials and media reports blamed the increased racial tensions on the personal prejudice of extremists. Activist groups composed of visible minorities and human rights activists were key in the formation of a counter-narrative that challenged this persistent denial of structural racism. These groups played a fundamental role in redefining the nature of racism in Canadian society. A central theme of this dissertation is that disintegrating race relations allowed for a redefinition of the Canadian state. It was the increase in racist incidents in 1970s Toronto that fostered a broad discussion on racism in Canada. This discussion emphasized that Canada’s people of colour experienced second-class citizenship because of structural inequalities which were rooted in Canadian institutions. Racial violence in 1970s Toronto was crucial in the recognition of institutional racism as racist incidents brought visible minorities into the public sphere and gave them an opportunity to identify the existence of systemic and institutional racism in Canadian society. However, the recognition of institutional and systemic racism did not result in a deep transformation of the Canadian racial state as policy changes have not been successful in challenging structural inequality. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2012-08-28 21:13:35.14

La ricerca ricostruisce le vicende della scena italiana tra gli anni '70 e gli anni '80 e, più nello specifico, il fenomeno del teatro di gruppo, di quelle formazioni cioè che hanno sperimentato con più profondità la questione di un'azione comunitaria attraverso lo strumento del teatro. La ricostruzione di questo fenomeno, svolta all'interno di una premessa più generale sull'emersione di una tensione comunitaria in molte delle più importanti esperienze del teatro del Novecento, è stata effettuata attraverso l'analisi della vicenda artistica e sociale di uno dei più interessanti gruppi teatrali piemontesi: il Teatro del Magopovero di Asti, oggi Casa degli Alfieri. Si tratta di una esperienza, sorta negli anni Settanta nell'ambito del teatro di base, che più di altre ha saputo coniugare al proprio interno la tensione comunitaria, sul duplice versante del lavoro di gruppo e dell'azione sociale. La ricostruzione dell'evoluzione di questo gruppo ha permesso di rileggere le vicende della scena italiana e di mettere a fuoco come la tensione etica alla base di questi gruppi sia stata in grado negli anni di evolversi e tradursi in una dimensione estetica, mantenendo sempre alta l'attenzione al radicamento territoriale, culturale e sociale dei propri esisti artistici. / The research goes trough the Italian scene in - between the 70's and the 80's, in particular it focuses on the group's theatre: teams who experimented deeply a community action with a theatre instrument. The study takes as example the “Teatro del Magopovero”, now “Casa degli Alfieri”, one of the most interesting theatre groups of Piedmont, as a significant occurrence of the artistic and social phenomena of the theatre of the last century which aims to the ensemble . This group was founded in the 70's as a community-based theatre: it's an interesting instance of group /team working and social action. The evolution of the team building of this group shows the changes in the Italian history and stresses out how the strong ethic goal of this groups has been able to change in a aesthetic element, keeping high attention to the cultural and social network with the community in their performances.