Edwin H. Sutherland first proposed his theory of differential association in 1939. Since that date it has been the subject of much discussion and criticism but tests of its validity or generality have been limited in nature. This thesis was designed to expand the range of empirical knowledge concerning this theory by investigating its validity and usefulness in explaining delinquent behavior among members of a selected population. A sample of college sophomores was utilized for this purpose. These subjects appeared to be typical of white middle-class college students. Relationships between differential association, involvement in delinquent behavior, and attitudes favorable or unfavorable towards law violations were subject to study. The author concluded from the analysis of data supplied by the respondents that: 1. The principle part of the criminal learning experience takes part in the context of primary group relations. 2. The learning of criminal behavior includes the learning of the techniques and methods of specific types of delinquency and also the learning of the attitudes and definitions appropriate to this delinquent involvement. 3. The specific direction of these attitudes is learned in a process of differential association with delinquent and non-delinquent patterns of behavior. 4. Involvement in delinquent behavior varies directly with differential associations with delinquent patterns of behavior. 5. Involvement in delinquent behavior varies directly with attitudes favorable towa:cds law violations. 6. Attitudes favorable towards law violations vary directly with differential associations with delinquent patterns of behavior. 7. Involvement in delinquent behavior varies directly with the frequency, duration and intensity of associations with delinquent patterns of behavior. The overall conclusion of this study was favorable to the support of differential association theory. For the population sampled, this theory appeared to provide an adequate and valid explanation for the delinquent involvement of the respondents. / Master of Science

1380 Guernsey, 13614 Holstein, and 804 Jersey Dairy Herd Improvement yearly herd averages collected in eight Eastern and Southeastern states between 1965 and 1970 were analyzed to determine their value as management tools, identify recent trends in the dairy industry, and identify short term effects of changing herd size. Objective measures such as percent days in milk, milk production, and milk and grain price were found to be reliable estimates of true values. More subjective measures such as succulents, pasture and especially dry forage showed high coefficients of variation and appeared to be less reliable. Least Squares multiple regression techniques were employed to identify management variables which influence milk production and income over feed cost. Of nine measures analyzed, concentrate level, percent days in milk, other feed costs, and grain costs had the most significant affects on milk production. Twelve variables were found to significantly influence herd average income over feed cost in one or more of the three breeds studied. Curvilinear relationships were observed in many of the variables, but added little value to the final prediction equation. Differences between herd average variables for consecutive years were calculated, and when averaged, they represented yearly trends in dairying. Results for all three breeds were similar in magnitude with increases of 54 to 56 kgs. of milk per year, and 23 to 26 cents per cwt. per year in milk price. Using these differences, the affects of changing herd size were studied, and it was noted that as herd size increases rapidly, production per cow drops. / Master of Science

With the current trend in electronics toward microminiaturization, there is a need for a more efficient method of power amplification. Class D operation, in which the output transistors are either cut off or saturated and, hence, dissipate very little power, is one method of satisfying this need. This paper presents a study of a new mode of Class D amplification. In a conventional Class D amplifier, one transistor is always on and one transistor is always off. In a New Mode Class D amplifier both transistors are off most of the time, reducing unwanted dissipation in the output transistors, filter and load. The output of a New Mode amplifier consists of positive and negative trains of width-modulated pulses. For a positive-going output, the positive pulses increase in width while the negative ones disappear. While the New Mode is theoretically capable of distortion performance as good as or better than the conventional mode, problems in filtering the output prevent it from obtaining this performance. These problems are caused by the infinite impedance presented to the filter during the time when both transistors are off. However, the addition of negative feedback and a "damping" resistor to the filter reduce distortion to a level tolerable in most applications. The New Mode of Class D amplification proved to be slightly more efficient than the conventional mode, and considerably more efficient than Class B amplification. / Master of Science

The map area comprises about 35 square miles in Montgomery County, Virginia. The bedrock ranges in age from Cambrian to Devonian and belongs to five fault blocks. From north to south they are Catawba, Salem, Pulaski, Saltville and Max Meadows. The structurally lowest block is the parautochthonous Saltville block which is exposed in the Christiansburg window of the Pulaski overthrust sheet. Exposed are the upper Elbrook Formation, the Cambro-Ordovician Knox Group of carbonates and Middle Ordovician limestones. The strata within the window represent the essentially recumbent north limb of the Christiansburg anticlinorium. The Pulaski-Salem blocks contain folded and highly-fractured and brecciated Elbrook and Knox formations. Structural complications of the Salem block include the high-angle Willow Springs, Cambria, North Cambria and Kettle Ridge faults. The Salem thrust is interpreted as a relatively minor, yet important, display off the Mississippian-age Pulaski thrust. The Pulaski overthrust has a minimum of 9 miles of northwestward displacement. Rocks of the Catawba block along the northern margin of the area range from Middle Cambrian to Mississippian in age. The Max Meadows block is the highest structural block in the area. Cambrian Rome Formation and possibly some lower Knox Copper Ridge Formation comprise this thrust sheet. Klippen of the Max Meadows thrust indicate a minimum northwestward movement of 15,000 feet for this thrust sheet. / Master of Science

Successful diplomatic relations between two countries require that those relations be based on the realities of the situation of the countries involved. Whenever those relations are based primarily on preconceived ideas that do not correspond with political realities, they cease to be viable and may result in damage to either or both of the contracting states. Such was the case with American relations with the Provisional Government of Russia in 1917. The Provisional Government faced the unenviable task of consolidating the gains of the revolution and establishing a democratic government, while trying to conduct a vigorous war against the Central Powers. The two programs were incompatible. Only in peace could Russia make the transition from the “autocracy of autocracies” to that of a democratic nation. One of the reasons why the Provisional Government did not make peace with Germany was the role played by the United States. American relations with the Provisional Government were designed to aid the fledgling Russian democracy and to keep Russia in the war against Germany. Primary emphasis was placed on the latter goal. The Department of State made it clear to the Provisional Government that it would not receive the aid it so greatly needed should Russia quit the war. The framers of American policy toward Russia had. little understanding of the Hussian problem. They sincerely wanted democracy to succeed in Russia. But they were convinced that only by the defeat of Germany could Russian democracy hope to survive. Therefore, by stressing Russia's role in the war, the United States pursued what seemed to be the only logical course of relations with the Provisional Government. / Master of Arts

Changes in anatomical, physical and chemical properties within developing and one-year-old increments were investigated in a 52-year old eastern hemlock tree, felled in the latter part of July, 1968. Based on available previous knowledge, the zones of xylem maturation stages were determined by the aid of a polarizing microscope. In accordance with the cellular structures described microscopically 4 mm x 30 mm x 60 µm tangential microtome specimens were cut from both increments. These specimens were tested for tensile strength and analyzed for nitrogen, lignin and carbohydrate content. From the anatomical properties of the developing xylem, and from the changes in chemical constitution and physical properties, a model for wood formation was derived. The model for wood formation and the physical properties and chemical constitution of the partially developed tracheids were used to calculate physical and chemical properties of individual cell wall layers. Results showed that 59% of the middle lamella and primary wall was lignin, but these layers contained only 19% of the cells total lignin content. Lignin content of the secondary wall was higher in the S₃ layer, (35%) than in the S₁ layer, (25%). Carbohydrate distribution showed highest glucan content in the S₂ layer of the secondary wall, to which the next highest was the S₁layer. Hemicellulose monomers were mostly located in the middle lamella and primary wall regions. In the secondary wall the S₃ layer was the richest in xylan and araban contents. Interactions of measured tracheid properties showed that tensile test of minute specimens were affected by the glucan, mannan and galactan contents and by the number of cells within the specimens. / Ph. D.

William Preston, frontier aristocrat, was active in the settlement and development of Virginia's Appalachian frontier during the second half of the eighteenth century. An immigrant of Irish antecedents, Preston enjoyed the favor of his benevolent uncle, James Patton, and succeeded him as the area's principal land magnate. By taking advantage of his multiple public and military offices--surveyor, sheriff, county lieutenant, justice of the peace and Eurgess--Preston assumed the foremost place of leadership and responsibility in the western counties of Augusta, Botetourt, Fincastle and Montgomery. Preston's was a life devoted to the acquisition of western land, His personal and public interests in transmontane Virginia grew as he ably defended and enlarged first his Greenfield Plantation in Botetourt County, and later his Smithfield Plantation in Montgomery County. By the time of his death in 1783, the frontier land baron controlled more than one hundred thousand acres which dotted the borderlands between the Ohio River and the Allegheny Mountains. Preston's active participation in the American Revolution was more the result of a desire to insure an independence to ingross more land, free of restraints imposed from afar, than to initiate democratic freedoms that were the goal of Virginia's leading Revolutionary theorist, Thomas Jefferson. In any appraisal of the settlement and the development of transmontane Virginia, William Preston has been reckoned one of the most prominent participants in and shapers of events which molded that section of the Old Dominion. / M.A.

Investigation of the effects of inconsistencies in role performances and role expectations between spouses constituted the research problem. The major purpose of the study was to replicate a previous research effort in that area. Nathan Hurvitz's, The Measurement of Marital Strain (1960), was the study selected. The problem was approached by using "marital strain" as a sensitizing concept, and through the technique of allowing spouses to rank-order roles comprising role-sets of both their own and that of their spouse. Thus, the basic instrument of the study was the Marital Roles Inventory which listed roles in each spouse's role-set in random order, and which yielded two sets of findings: By the "Index of Strain" the difference was measured between the performances and expectations of spouses; by the "Index of Deviation," the difference was measured between the rank-order assigned to roles by a given subject and the total sample's modal rank-ordering of the same set of roles. Fifteen associations of variables were used to test the hypotheses; fourteen of these yielded findings similar to those of the Hurvitz study (Fisher's z transformation test on the correlations obtained in both studies was used). Major conclusions of the study were: a) Lack of strain in the performance of the husbands' roles is associated with both the husbands' and wives' marital satisfaction, b) there is a direct relationship between husbands' and wives' Indexes of Strain, and c) absence of strain for wives appears to be associated with a rank-order of role performances which is like that of other wives. / M.S.

LIMA, Jeimes Mazza Correia. A reforma Lei 5692/71: seus reflexos na educação cearense. 2006. 150f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-09T11:54:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_JMCLima.pdf: 888055 bytes, checksum: 37e952343909e2e26f890c376bc252cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-09T14:37:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_JMCLima.pdf: 888055 bytes, checksum: 37e952343909e2e26f890c376bc252cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-09T14:37:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_JMCLima.pdf: 888055 bytes, checksum: 37e952343909e2e26f890c376bc252cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Nossa pesquisa teve como objetivo central compreender historicamente a elaboração da Reforma Educacional de 1971 através da Lei 5692/71, além de contextualizá-la a partir de sua implementação dentro do Estado do Ceará. Para tal finalidade foi feita uma pesquisa que envolveu personalidades cearenses envolvidas diretamente com o tema ligados aos setores públicos, além de entidades classistas ligadas ao segmento empresarial, em função da ênfase profissionalizante e voltada para o mercado de trabalho, aludidas à reforma. O trabalho têm um sentido interpretativo a partir de fontes jornalísticas, documentos oficiais além de um leque de autores que abordam este tema. Percebi que a reforma de 1971 chega ao Ceará com poucas possibilidades de ser efetivada em função das condições precárias vivenciadas pela estrutura educacional cearense, além da reduzida participação efetiva dos segmentos empresariais nas discussões de tais medidas, já que seriam os maiores beneficiários dessa nova realidade. Além disso o contexto histórico que fez parte de sua elaboração, a forma como os principais interlocutores do governo tratavam o tema educação, foram analisados e interpretados apontando um forte envolvimento ideológico que caracterizava os anos de 1970, refletidos nas questões educacionais abordadas a partir da lei em questão, período, por sinal, onde a repressão aos movimentos de contestação a ditadura militar são mais intensos.

Thèse--Sc. nat.--Nancy 1, 1971. / Bibliogr. f. 172-189.