A 100% cotton flannelette fabric was used to evaluate the following objectives: 1) to determine the ability to include a chelating agent in a flame retardant finish without altering the non-flammable properties; and 2) to determine the effect of the chelating agent on flame retardant fabrics washed in hard water with soap. Major findings of the research include the following: 1) carboxymethyl cellulose improved the non-flammable qualities; and 2) the carboxymethyl cellulose seemed to wear off after 10 launderings at which time calcium and magnesium deposits were believed to begin accumulation. / Master of Science

This study investigated the factors which may affect turnover in a college foodservice operation. The subjects were current and former employees of foodservice operations operating in Virginia and holding membership in the National Association of College and University Food Services. Demographic data and employee ratings of job satisfaction were surveyed. Chi-square analysis of the data indicated that: age of the employee, method of remuneration, and how the employee applied for the job, were factors which contributed to turnover rates. Analysis of mean satisfaction levels reported by current and past employees versus demographic data indicated: former employees generally experienced less satisfaction than current employees. However, past employees reported higher satisfaction levels for wages and fringe benefits in 41 percent of the descriptive variables. Differences in the reported satisfaction levels were slight. The variables used to determine satisfaction could not be assumed to influence the termination decision. This data was skewed as a result of a low return rate for the questionnaire and of a high concentration of employees over 45 years of age, who had worked more than one year. An imbalance of responses from current and former employees may have contributed to the skew. If these data are representative, then turnover in the institutions surveyed may not be a problem. It is recommended that future studies relating turnover to satisfaction levels of employees survey a larger population and use a method that assures a greater response. The factors external to the job should be included in the study, and finally, the pre-test should provide for the rating of desirability of responses, if regression is to be used. / Master of Science

A study was conducted to assess the effect of nutrition knowledge and attitude towards the importance of nutrition in prenatal health care on the dietary practices of 100 pregnant women in southeastern and southwestern Virginia. Women were of both high and low socioeconomic status. To assess knowledge and attitude, a questionnaire was developed. Validity and reliability were established for both the attitude and knowledge tests of the questionnaire. Dietary assessment was done by using a 24-hour recall and a diet history. Ratings for three different measures of dietary practice were determined. Knowledge of nutrition had a greater correlation with all measures of dietary practice than did attitude. As would be imagined, the interaction of knowledge and attitude with dietary practices had a higher correlation with dietary practices than did either knowledge or attitude alone. Socioeconomic status was positively correlated with adequacy of dietary practices, knowledge of nutrition and attitude toward the importance of nutrition as a component of prenatal health care. / Master of Science

This study was concerned with differences in role adjustment to parenthood between two different types of childbirth groups. The two groups were the prepared childbirth (PPM) and the conventional childbirth (NON-PPM) groups. Twenty-five couples in each of the two groups were studied. Age range was 20 to 40 years for the majority of subjects. Babies’ ages ranged from two to thirty-six months. The couples had been married an average of 4.1 years before the birth of their first child. Couples were given questionnaires separately to determine the extent of crisis in adjusting to the first child and their post-birth marital adjustment level. T-tests for two independent samples were calculated both within and between the two childbirth groups on crisis scores and marital adjustment scores. There was a significant difference in mean crisis scores between husbands and wives in both groups, wives experiencing more crisis. Crisis score comparisons between PPM and NON-PPM groups showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups of fathers or the two groups of mothers studied. When comparisons were made on marital adjustment scores, no statistically significant differences appeared either within or between groups. / Master of Science

Structures in the study area, from southeast to northwest, are the Blacksburg synclinorium, Poplar Hill anticline, Saltville fault, Spruce Run syncline, Clover Hollow anticline, and Johns Creek syncline. The folds are believed to have had their inception by early Middle Ordovician time. The Knox-Middle Ordovician unconformity is well expressed on the Poplar Hill and Clover Hollow anticlines. The contact between the Knox Group and Middle Ordovician is less well defined in the Spruce Run syncline. The character of the unconformity and depositional thickening of the Middle Ordovician limestones in the Spruce Run syncline were caused by compressional downwarping. Comparison of the Middle Ordovician limestones of the Giles synclinorium with those of the Blacksburg and Salem synclinoria to the southeast suggests that the Giles synclinorium subsided before or faster than the southeastern synclinoria during early Middle Ordovician time. Colluvium, which covers about 10 percent of the area, is the result of great mass-wasting which may have begun as early as Late Cretaceous time. Dominant contributors to the colluvium are the Silurian Tuscarora, Rose Hill, and Keefer sandstones. Northwest ridge slopes are extensively covered with colluvium as compared to southeast ridge slopes. Moisture content and temperature, as well as topography, appears to have a strong influence on colluvial development. / Master of Science

An instrument is described which continuously monitors and controls the blood oxygen saturation at the outlet of a membrane-type oxygenator. A reflection oximeter was developed which employs the ratio of the incident light intensity at two wavelengths to obtain the continuous blood oxygen saturation measurement. The ratio of the intensities of incident light at the two wavelengths is linearly related to the oxygen saturation, provided the reflected light intensities at these two wavelengths are held constant. The continuous oxygen saturation measurement from the oximeter is compared to a preselected oxygen saturation value by the instrument. The difference between the actual and the desired oxygen saturation is used to change the oxygen partial pressure gradient in the oxygenator in such a way that the oxygenator outlet saturation approaches the preselected value. A detailed description of the instrument's design is presented along with data obtained from the instrument's operation. / Master of Science

This project presents a design for a virtual operating system for the Hewlett-Packard 2100A minicomputer. The design was developed from the characteristics desirable in an operating system and from the restrictions imposed by the computer hardware. The characteristics and the method of operation are specified for the major components of the operating system. The major system tables are also specified in detail. The final design is capable of being implemented on this minicomputer. / Master of Science

The intrusion located at Roxboro, North Carolina is predominantly a light gray to medium gray, microphaneritic granite, now metamorphosed. Phenocrysts of plagioclase, quartz, and perthite are accompanied by porphyroblasts of epidote. Relict igneous textural relationships suggest two possible fractional crystallization models, in which the order of crystallization was plagioclase, quartz, and then K-rich feldspar. A crude approximation of the original plagioclase phenocryst An content ranges between An₂₅ to An₄₀. An estimate of the granophyric composition reveals that the pluton was emplaced under almost "dry" conditions with a P_total of about 350 bars and a temperature in the vicinity of 950°C. Some epidote porphyroblasts grew during minor hydrothermal activity on cooling. During the middle Paleozoic, this granitic intrusion was metamorphosed at a minimum pressure of about 3 kbar and a temperature of around 400°C. A foliation, as shown by stringers of mainly biotite and epidote, was produced by the deformational phase accompanying the regional metamorphism. All K-rich feldspar is nearly pure microcline (Or₉₇) and all plagioclase is nearly low albite (An₉₇₋₉₉). Such feldspar compositions accompanied by the late growth of ferristilpnomelane suggest that the Roxboro metagranite has reequilibrated under less intense conditions than those realized during the peak of the major regional metamorphic event. / Master of Science

A point transfer matrix for a whirling eccentric mass was developed. Two right handed cartesian coordinate systems, a fixed and a rotating, were used in the derivation. The state variables and the elliptical whirl orbit were described relative to the fixed coordinate system. The rotating coordinate system was used to describe the equivalent model of the mass. The effects of both inertial forces and gravitational forces were included. The inertial forces contained the effects of; centripetal acceleration, acceleration relative to a moving reference frame, Coriolis acceleration and a disguised form of tangential acceleration. The transfer matrix which resulted from this derivation was verified. To verify the lateral motion equations the assumption of a circular whirl orbit in the fixed reference frame was made. The axial and torsional motion equations were verified by assuming no coupling effects. Terms were found which had harmonic forms at twice and three times running speed. Static load terms were also found as a result of the synchronous whirl analysis. These static, 2 times and 3 times terms are extended forcing functions which can be used in static, 2 times and 3 times running speed analyses, respectively. / Master of Science

α- and β-Amylase activity were determined at 4°, -13°, -18°, and -23°C (39.2°, 8.6°, -0.4°, and -9.4°F) in systems with purified enzymes and in a system with sweet potato puree for different periods of time. In the systems with purified enzymes, commercially purified swine pancreatic α-amylase and sweet potato β-amylase at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 μg/0.5 ml concentrations were used to react with 0.5 ml of a 2% potato soluble starch substrate for 112 days. In the system with sweet potato puree, samples prepared from cured and uncured roots were frozen and stored for 56 days. The cumulative enzyme activity was determined after different storage times. The stability of the enzymes as affected by low temperatures was determined in the sweet potato puree. In the systems with purified enzymes, cumulative α- and β-amylase activity at all storage temperatures studied increased as the storage time and enzyme concentration were increased, Both enzymes were still active at -23°C. In the system with sweet potato puree, α- and β-amylase were active at 4°C for up to 28 days, but were inhibited at -13°, -18°, and -23°C. In the cured sweet potato puree samples of the Centennial variety, α- and β-amylase were stable for up to 28 days at 4°C. Enzyme stability in samples from uncured roots of two varieties of sweet potatoes was not affected for up to 14 days of storage at 4°C, but decreased considerably thereafter. α- and β-Amylase stability in all sweet potato puree samples stored for 56 days at -13°, - 18°, and -23°C was not affected. / Master of Science